Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Infectious Disease > HIV > Flashcards

HIV Flashcards

(72 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

All HIV infected individuals initiate ART if

A

CD4 count < 350, 350 to 500, or > 500

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Initiate ART regardless of CD4 Count when

A

Hx of AIDs defining illness, prego, HIV associated nephropathy, Co-infected w hepatitis B, HIV infected individuals at risk for transmitting disease to their sexual partners

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ART for Na_ve HIV patients

A

NNRTI + 2NRTI or PI (pref. boosted w ritonavir) + 2NRTI or INSTI + 2NRTI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Preferred Regimens NNRTI based

A

efavirenz/tenofovir/emtricitabine (Atripla)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Preferred regimen PI based

A

atazanavir + ritonavir + tenofovir/emtricitabine and darunavir + ritonavir + tenofovir/emtricitabine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Preferred Regimen INSTI based

A

raltegravir + tenofovir/emtricitabine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Preferred for prego

A

lopinavir + ritonavir + zidovudine/lamivudine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

NRTIs Nucleoside/tide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors MOA

A

NRTIs work by binding to the catalytic site of reverse transcriptase, interfering with HIV viral RNA-dependent DNA polymerase and resulting in inhibition of viral replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

NRTIs entire class side effects

A

lactic acidosis, severe hepatic steatosis, sometimes fatal, especially with stavudine, didanosine, and zidovudine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ziagen

A

abacavir ABC, serious possibly fatal hypersiensitivity reaction, must screen for HLA-B*5701 allele prior to starting and if + cannot use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Epzicom

A

abacavir + lamivudine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Trizivir

A

abacavir + lamivudine + zidovudine, one tab BID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Videx, EC

A

didanosine ddl, BBW: pancreatitis, SE: peripheral neuropathy, NVD, EC = take on empty stomach (1 hr before or 2 hrs after meal), decrease dose CrCl < 60, store med in tightly closed bottles at room temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Emtriva

A

emtricitabine 3TC, BBW: may exacerbate hepatitis B once drug is D/C or HBV resistance may develop SE: hyperpigmentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Truvada

A

emtricitabine + tenofovir, one tab daily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Atripla

A

emtricitabine + efavirenz + tenofovir, one tabe daily, take on EMPTY STOMACH preferably at bedtime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Stribild

A

emtricitabine + tenofovir and elvitegravir + cobicistat, one tab daily with FOOD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Epivir

A

lamivudine FTC, BBW: do not use Epivir-HBV for trmt of HIV bc contains lower lamuvidine, may exacerbate hep B once drug is DC or resistance may develop, decrease dose CrCl < 50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Combivir

A

lamivudine + zidovudine, one tab BID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Zerit

A

stavudine d4T, weight based dosing >= 60kg give 40mg Q12H, < 60 kg give 30 mg, decrease dose when CrCl < 50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Retrovir

A

zidovudine ZDV, BBW: bone marrow suppression, hematologic toxicities, decrease dose CrCl < 15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Viread

A

tenofovir TDF, BBW: may exacerbate hep B once drug is DC or resistance may develop, SE: fanconi syndrome, renal insufficiency, osteomalacia, decrease bone density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

NRTIs Drug interaction

A

NRTIs do not undergo hepatic transformation via CYP metabolism pathway so fewer D/I’s, ribivarin may increase levels of NRTIs, avoid didanosine + stavudine bc pancreatitis, peripheral neuropathy and hyperlactatemia, avoid didanosine + tenofovir bc resitance and virologic failure and increased didansoine concentration, avoid emtricitabine + lamivudine bc no benefit, avoid zidovudine + stavudine bc antagonist effect on HIV-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

NNRTIs Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors MOA

A

NNRTIs work by binding to reverse transcriptase and blocking the RNA dependent and DNA dependent DNA polymerase activities including HIV-1 replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
NNRTIs Entire class side effects
Rash (SJS/TEN) monitor for erythema, facial edema, skin necrosis, blisters, tongue swelling,
26
Rescriptor
delaviridine DRV
27
Sustiva
efavirenz EFV, TAKE ON EMPTY STOMACH PREF QHS, SE: CNS (impaired concentration, drowsiness, vivid dreams) and PSYCH symptoms (depression, mania, suicide), hyperlipidemia, PREGO D
28
Intelence
Etravirine, ETR
29
Viramune, XR
nevirapine NVP, BBW: severe hepatotoxic rxns may occur (liver failure, death), severe life threatening skin rxns SJS,TENS, need 14 day lead-in period
30
Edurant
rilpivirine RPV, take w meal, C/I: PPI's, keep in OG container to protect from light
31
NNRTIs Drug interactions
metabolized in the liver via CYP 450 system so MANY drug interactions.
32
PI's Protease Inhibitors MOA
PI's work by inhibiting HIV-1 protease and rendering the enzyme incapable of cleaving the Gag-Pol polyprotein, resulting in the production of immature, noninfectious virions
33
PI's Entire class Side effects
hyperglycemia/insulin resistance, lipodystrophy (loss of fat in face, butt, arms, legs), lipohypertrophy (fat accumulation), dyslipidemia, hepatitis and hepatic decomensations (highest w tipranavir), immune reconstitution syndrome
34
Reyataz
atazanavir ATV, take with food, SE: PR interval prolongation, indirect hyperbilirubinemia, rash, nephrolithiasis (take w H20 may reduce risk),H2 blockers - Take at least 2 hours before or 10 hours after H2 blockers, Antacids - take 2 hours before or 1 hour after, PPIs: atazanavir + ritonavir take at least 12 hours before PPIs
35
Prezista
darunivir DRV, SE: N,D, rash (including SJS/TEN), caution with sulfa allergy, take with food swallow whole
36
Lexiva
fosamprenavir FPV
37
Crixivan
Indinavir IDV, SE: Nausea, nephrolithiasis, must dispense in the original container with the desiccant to protect from moisture
38
Viracept
nelfinavir NFV
39
Norvir
ritonavir, primarily used as a booster agent and not as a sole PI, take with food, capsules require refrigeration and dispense in OG container, SE: NVD, paresthesias, asthenia, altered taste, PR prolongation
40
Kaletra
lopinavir + ritonavir, LPV/r, preferred in prego
41
Invirase
saquinivir SQV
42
Aptivus
tipranavir, TPV, BBW: intracranial hemorrhage
43
PI's Drug Interaction
can alter INR mainly decreasing, increase levels of trazodone and TCAs, metabolized in liver via the CYP 450 system and have many drug interactions, avoid concomitant use with alfuzosin, amiodarone, conivaptan, dronedarone, eplernone, ergot derivatives, lovastatin, midazolam, nilotinib, nisoldipine, sildenafil for PAH, pimozide, quinidine, ranolazine, rifampin, rivaroxaban, salmeterol, silodosin, simvastatin, st johns wort, tamsulosin, triazolam, and voriconazole, and many PIs should not be used w boceprevir or telaprevir
44
Fusion Inhibitor
also known as cell entry inhibition, fusion inhibitors block the attachment (or fusion) of the HIV-1 virus with the CD4 cells by blockin the conformational change in gp41 required for membrane fusion and entry into CD4 cells.
45
Fuzeon
enfuvirtide T20, for treatment experienced pts, SE: local injection side rxns in almost 100% pts
46
CCR5 Antagonist
CCR5 inhibitors bind to the CCR5 co-receptor on the CD4 cells and prevent the confirmational change required for HIV cell entry
47
Selzentry
maraviroc MVC, black box warning: hepatotoxicity, SE: rash including SJS, avoid use with st johns worts, monitor: prior to starting therapy, pts must be screened to determine tropism of their HIV since this agent will only work for pts with CCR5-tropic disease
48
Integrase inhibitors MOA
intergrase inhibitors block the integrase enzyme needed for viral DNA to enter into the host nucleus
49
Isentress
raltegravir RAL, levels will decrease if taken with rifampin, avoid st johns worts, PPIs can increase raltegravir
50
Opportunistic infection, Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
CD4 count < 200, 1st line: Bactrim DS PO daily or SS po daily, alternative: Bactrim DS po TIW or dapsone 100 mg po daily
51
Opportunistic infection, toxoplasma gondii
CD4 count < 100, 1st line: Bactrim 1 DS po daily, alternative: Bactrim 1 DS po TIW or 1 SS po daily or (dapsone 50 mg po daily + pyrimethamime 50 mg po weekly + leucovorin 25 mg po weekly)
52
Opportunistic infection, Mycobacterium avium complex MAC
CD4 count < 50 after r/o MAC infxn, 1st line: azithromycin 1,200 mg PO weekly or 600mg twice weekly or clarithromycin 500 mg po BID
53
Sandostatin
octreotide, analogue of somatostatin, treatment for managing acute variceal bleeding
54
Pitressin
vasopressin, antidiuretic hormone analog, not 1st line, usually used with NTG IV
55
Enulose, Generlac
lactulose, treatment for hepatic encephalopathy, first line therapy
56
Neomycin
treatment for hepatic encephalopathy
57
Xifaxan
Rifaxamin, 2nd line treatment for hepatic encephalopathy
58
Flagyl
Metronidazole, treatment for hepatic encephalopathy
59
Ascites
duiretic therapy combo of furosemide and spironolactone
60
Intron A
interferon alpha 2b, for HBV HCV many cancers, 3 million units SC, 3 times weekly
61
PegIntron
Pegylated interferon alpha 2b, HCV, pegylated formulations are given once weekly
62
Pegasys
pegylated interferon alpha 2a, for HBV and HCV, pegylated formulations are given once weekly
63
Infergen
interferon alfacon-1, for HCV
64
Rebetron
combo product: interferon alpha 2b, and ribavirin
65
Rebetol, Ribasphere, RibaPak, Copegus, Virazole
ribivarin, an antiviral agent that inhibits replication of RNA & DNA viruses, indicated for hep C in combo w interferon alpha-2a/2b not used for monotherapy for Hep C, not recommend Crcl<50, BBW: significant tertogenic effects prego X can stay in your body for as long as 6 months, SE: hemolytic anemia (primary toxicity),
66
Victrelis
boceprevir, protease inhibitor for Hep C, used in combo w peginterferon and ribavirin, C/I: prego SE: fatigue, anemia, neutropenia, taste distortion, never reduce dose, never use as monotherapy
67
Incivek
telaprevir, protease inhibitor for hep C, used in combo w peginterferon and ribavirin, C/I: prego SE: serious skin rash, fatigue, itching, taste disortion, anemia, anorectal disorders, never reduce dose, never use as monotherapy
68
Epivir HBV
lamivudine, NRTI, do not use for HIV contains lower doses of lamivudine, pancreatitis
69
Hepsera
adefovir, BBW: may cause HIV resistance with unrecognized or untreated HIV, use caution in patients with renal impairment or those at risk of renal toxicity
70
Viread
tenofovir, used for Hep B & HIV, SE: faconi syndrome, renal insufficiency osteomalacia, and decrease bone density
71
Baraclude
entecavir, take on empty stomach
72
Tyzeka
telbivudine, SE: myopathy, myalgia

Infectious Disease (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions