HIV Flashcards
(27 cards)
What are the two types of HIV?
HIV 1
HIV 2
HIV 1 is much more common
What cells do HIV target?
Cells that express CD4 - Dendritis cells, macrophages, T helper cells
The CD4 marker helps immune cells communicate
What type of virus in HIV?
Singles stranded RNA retrovirus
When does the actue seroconversion illness occur in HIV?
Transient illnes 2 - 6 weeks after infection and presents with flu like symptoms.
what are the stages of HIV infection?
- Acute infection
- Serconversion
- Chronic infection (after 12 weeks - 2 - 10 years) which is asymptomatic
- Constitutional symptoms
describe what T cell levels are like during HIV?
- Initially low then rise then slowly declines
This is in contrast to the viral levels which are initially very high and then drop and then slowly rise
When do symptoms start occuring in chronic HIV?
When T cells are 200 - 500 1. Swollen lymph nodes 2. Hairy leukoplakia 3. Oral candida Below 200 T cells (AIDS) 1. fever, fatique 2. Recurrent pneumonia 3. PCP 4. Fungal infections 5. Tumours
What are AIDs defining conditions?
Conditions that only occur when the T cells fall below 200 - recurrent pneumonia - PCP Fungal infections Kaposi sarcoma Brain lymphoma PCP, CMV become fatal
What is the best first line screening test for HIV?
Combined HIV antibody and p24 antigen test (test for HIV 1, HIV 2 and HIV p24 antigen)
Should be done 4 weeks after exposure but if negative should also be done at 12 weeks to confirm negative result
If positive test should be repeated to confrim.
When after exposure is HIV testing done?
- 4 weeks after exposure
2. If the exposure was longer than 4 weeks ago test at 4 and 12 weeks.
What do rapid HIV tests look for?
HIV antibodies
what are the different classes of HIV drugs?
Entry inhibitors
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Integrase inhibitors
What is pneuomcystis jiroveci?
Fungal infection that causes pneumonia in people who are immunosuppressed such as in aids.
How is pneuomcystis jiroveci treated?
High dose co trimoxazole
How is the prophylaxis regime for pneuomcystis jiroveci?
Co trimoxazole if Cd4 count is below 200
how do you treat oral candida?
Nystatin
How do you treat oesphageal candida?
fluconazole
Itraconozole
What is the main inbfection that affects the CNS in HIV
Toxoplasmosis
What is the treatment for prophylaxis of TB?
Isoniazid + Pyroxidine
What is the treatment for crptococcal meningitis?
Amphoterecin
When is post exposure prophylaxis started?
Within 72 hours of exposure. Follow up testing done at 12 and 24 weeks
What does PCP pneumonia look like on a chest X Ray?
Ground glass appearance
What is the risk of transmision of HIV to a healthcare worker after a needle stick injury from an HIV positive patient?
0.3%
If a HIV +ve person with poor compliance has multiple ring enhancing lesions on CT what is the most likely diagnosis?
Toxoplasmosis
