HIV ARS: Diagnosis and Management

Question 1

Pneumoncytis jirovecii causes what kind of pneumonia?

Answer 1

Interstitial pneumonia

Question 2

The best antibiotic for pneumocystis pneumonia is ______.

Answer 2

Bactrim

Question 3

Fourth-generation HIV testing has narrowed the infection-to-detection window down to about ___________.

Answer 3

two weeks

Question 4

What is the sensitivity of fourth-generation testing?

Answer 4

90%

Question 5

What is LLOQ?

Answer 5

Lower-limit of quantification

Question 6

What test would absolutely prove that a person is actively infected with HIV?

Answer 6

HIV RNA by PCR with a LLOQ of 20 copies/mL

Question 7

The basic premise of multi-drug therapy is that ______________.

Answer 7

drugs with different targets of action have a synergistic effect if used together

Question 8

If a pregnant woman is HIV-positive and untreated, what are the odds that her child will have HIV?

Answer 8

25%

Question 9

How does maternal-fetal transmission occur?

Answer 9

1/3: in utero

2/3: labor, delivery, or breast milk

Question 10

Disseminated lymphadenopathy in an AIDS patient is characteristic of _____________.

Answer 10

Mycobacterium avian complex

Question 11

Western blots are only done when ________________.

Answer 11

patients are positive in the ELIZA test

Question 12

True or false: a five-month old testing positive in fourth-generation testing indicates active infection with HIV.

Answer 12

False. The IgG picked up in fourth-generation testing could have been maternal, and not all infants of infected mothers contract HIV.

Question 13

True or false: all NRTIs mimic thymidine.

Answer 13

False. Some mimic cytosine (like lamivudine).