HIV Clinical Correlation

Question 0

Normal CD4 T lymphocyte count:

Answer 0

> 500

Question 1

White plaques in throat:

Answer 1

Erythematous pharynx

Question 2

HIV infection leads to:

Answer 2

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Question 3

HIV affects cell of the immune system called:

Answer 3

T cells or CD4

Question 4

Characterize HIV:

Answer 4

infects only Humans
Immunodeficiency virus
Virus that attacks the body

Question 5

Characterize AIDS:

Answer 5

• Acquired, not inherited
• weakens the Immune system
• creates Deficiency of CD4+ cells
• Syndrome (group of illness taking place @ the same time)

Question 6

History: Simian Immunodeficiency virus is from _________ in West Africa.

Answer 6

Chimpanzees

Question 7

HIV is from what family & subfamily:

Answer 7

Family Retroviridae

Subfamily Lentivirus

Question 8

HIV 2 which is more related to SIV 2 and originated from:

Answer 8

Sootey mangabeys

Question 9

On the other hand, HIV 1 is from:

Answer 9

Chimpanzees; pan troglodytes

Question 10

__________ is a single-stranded RNA virus containing the enzyme that converts single-stranded RNA viral genome into double-stranded viral DNA, what enzyme is this?

Answer 10

Retroviridae, reverse transcriptase

Question 11

A retroviral DNA incorporated into host cell by integrase is:

Answer 11

Provirus

Question 12

Parts of the proviral gene:

Answer 12

LTR 
Gag
Pol
Env
Regulatory proteins

Question 13

It encodes structural proteins that help in packaging RNA of the virus to generate new virus particle.

Answer 13

Gag

Question 14

Contains the enhancer & promoter regions of HIV.

Answer 14

Long terminal repeat (LTR)

Question 15

Codes for envelope proteins, along with host plasma membrane that completes the virus particle that buds off:

Answer 15

Env

Question 16

Gene that encodes reverse transcriptase & integrase:

Answer 16

Pol gene

Question 17

Give the 3 regulatory proteins that affect viral transcription output.

Answer 17

Nef (negative factor)
Tat (transactivator of transcription)
Rev (regulator of viral gene expression responsible for switching early to late HIV gene)

Question 18

In binding & fusion, virion binds to ___ receptors on helper T lymphocytes.

Answer 18

CD4

Question 19

What catalyzes the insertion of viral DNA into the host genome to establish infection?

Answer 19

Integrase

Question 20

The process that produces large amount of viral RNA:

Answer 20

Transcription of viral DNA

Question 21

Stage where symptoms can be described as the ‘worst flu ever’:

Answer 21

Early stage - 2-4 weeks

aka Acute retroviral syndrome or Primary HIV infection

Question 22

What is detected in Rapid HIV test?

Answer 22

HIV-1 p24 antigen

Question 23

The first FDA-approved test:

Answer 23

HIV-1/2 Ag/Ab combo test

Question 24

The clinical latency stage is also known as:

Answer 24

Asymptomatic HIV infection or Chronic HIV infection

Question 25

Opportunistic infections that is HIV related:

Answer 25

Encephalopathy

Question 26

Opportunistic infection of chronic ulcers:

Answer 26

Herpes simplex

Question 27

Opportunistic infections of bronchi, trachea, esophagus or lungs:

Answer 27

Candidiasis

Question 28

Side effects of reverse transcriptase inhibitors:

Answer 28

Lactic acidosis, hepatomegaly, anemia, fatigue, nausea, insomnia

Question 29

It binds to the active site induces conformational change & inhibit enzyme function. Adverse effevts are rash, inc liver func, impaired concentration:

Answer 29

Nonnucleoside inhibitor (delaviridine, nevirapine, efavirenz)

Question 30

It prevents acute infection of susceptible cells and terminates elongation process:

Answer 30

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (zidovudine, didanosine, stavudine, lamivudine, abacavir)

Question 31

Inhibits HIV protease which activates precursors of gag-pol and block viral maturation. Its side effects include nausea vomiting diarrhea:

Answer 31

Protease inhibitors (saquinavir, ritonavir, indinavir, nelfinavir)

Question 32

Highly active anti-retroviral therapy:

Answer 32

2 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, 1 protease inhibitor

Question 33

He was diagnosed with HIV in 1995, aka the Berlin patient:

Answer 33

Timothy Brown

Question 34

Rare genetic mutation that resists HIV infection:

Answer 34

Homozygous CCR5 32

Question 35

Metro manila accounts for 55% of new HIV cases followed by:

Answer 35

Calabarzon (14%) Central visayas (7%) Central luzon (3%) Davao (5%)

Question 36

Functional cure of anti retroviral treatment for 18mos was received by:

Answer 36

Mississippi baby

Question 37

14 HIV positive people treated with HIV drugs showing no signs of virus rebounding after 7 years off therapy:

Answer 37

Visconti patients