HIV drugs and side effects

Question 1

Abacavir side effects

and Class

Answer 1

Hypersensitivity reaction

Nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)

Question 2

Stavudine side effects

and Class

Answer 2

Peripheral neuropathy and lipodystrophy

Nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)

Question 3

Lamivudine side effects

and Class

Answer 3

Minimal toxicity lactic acidosis

Nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)

Question 4

Zidovudine side effects

and Class

Answer 4

BMS and GI intolerance

Nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)

Question 5

Didanosine side effects

and Class

Answer 5

Pancreatitis and peripheral neuropathies

Nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)

Question 5

Nevirapine side effects

And class

Answer 5

Rash and hepatitis

Non-nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Question 6

Zalcitabine side effects

Nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)

Answer 6

Peripheral neuropathies and stomatitis

Nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)

Question 7

Delavirdine Side Effects

And class

Answer 7

Rash and headache

Non-nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Question 8

Ritonavir side effects

And class

Answer 8

GI intolerance and paresthesias

Protease Inhibitor

Question 9

Indinavir side effects

And class

Answer 9

Nephrolithiasis, GI intolerance

Protease inhibitor

Question 10

Efavirenz side effects

And class

Answer 10

Rash, CNS symptoms ( dizzy and confusion)

Non-nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Question 11

Nelfinavir side effects

And class

Answer 11

Diarrhea and hyperlipidemia

Protease Inhibitor

Question 12

Lopinavir Side Effects

And Class

Answer 12

GI intolerance, hyperlipidemia

Protease inhibitor

Question 13

Enfuvirtide ( T-20) side effects

And Class

Answer 13

Pneumonia , hypersensitivity reaction

Fusion inhibitor

Question 14

Hydroxyurea

Class

Answer 14

Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor

Question 15

HIV transmission: Nurse role to patient

Answer 15

Teach patients how to eliminate or reduce risky behaviors.

Question 16

How is HIV transmitted

Answer 16

in body fluids, that contain free virions and infected CD4+ Tcells. these fluids include blood, seminal fluid, vaginal secretions, amniotic fluid, and breast milk. Inflammation and breaks in the skin or mucosa result in the creased probability that an exposure to HIV will lead to infection

Question 17

Mother to Child transmission in HIV

Answer 17

may occur in utero, at the time of delivery, or through breast-feeding, but most perinatal infections are thought to occur after exposure during delivery

Question 18

Primary Infection

Answer 18

period from infection with HIV to the development of HIV-specific antibodies is known as

Question 19

Primary infection is characterized by:

Answer 19

high levels of viral replication, widespread dissemination of HIV throughout the body and destruction of CD4+Tcells.

Question 20

normal range of CD4+ T cell is

Answer 20

500 - 1500 cells/mm3

Question 21

The primary infection stage is part of CDC category A. What is the amount of CD4+ T cells in tissue

Answer 21

More than 500

Question 22

Category A S/S?

Answer 22

Patients feel well and have few if any symptoms. Apparent good health continues because CD4+ T cell levels remain high enough to preserve immune defensive responses.

Question 23

Category B CD4+ T cell count is:

Answer 23

200-499

Question 24

Category C CD4+ T cell count is

Answer 24

Fewer than 200

Question 25

Two laboratory techniques to determine the presence of antibodies to HIV

Answer 25

EIA ( Enzyme immunoassay formerly referred to as the ELISA and this test identifies antibodies directed specifically against HIV. Western blot assay is used to confirm seropositivity when the EIA result is positive. Adults who blood contains antibodies for HIV are seropositive.

Question 26

What is usually the most important consideration in deciding whether antiretroviral medications should be started?

Answer 26

CD4 + T cell count

Question 27

The most common infection in people with AIDS is

Answer 27

Pneumocystis Pneumonia it is an opportunistic infection

Question 28

To treat PCP use

Answer 28

TMP-SMZ, highly effective in patients with moderate to mild PCP. Adjunctive corticosteroids should be started as early as possible. Recommended therapy for PCP is 21 days.

Question 29

Nursing Diagnosis for HIV

Answer 29

- Impaired skin integrity r/t cutaneous manifestations f HIV infection, excoriation and diarrhea. - Diarrhea for r/t enteric pathogens or HIV infection - Risk for infection r/t immunodeficiency - Activity intolerance r/t weakness fatigue ect. ect. - ineffective airway clearance related to PCP - pain r/t - Imbalanced nutrition r/t - Social isolation r/t - Deficient knowledge r/t - Anticipatory grieving r/t

Question 30

Abacavir Interventions:

Answer 30

Hypersensitivity rxn: Assess eosinophil cout, RR, spo2, HR, itching, erythema, raised lesions

Question 31

Lamivudine Interventions:

Answer 31

Minimal toxicity and lactic acidosis: monitor fluid and lytes, patent airway, hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.

Question 32

Stavudine Interventions:

Answer 32

Lypodystrophy and peripheral neuropathy so : Assess risk for falls, thermal injuries and skin breakdown, measuring extremities, promoting exercise, education - changing medication and liposuction

Question 33

Zalcitabine Interventions:

Answer 33

Peripheral neuropathy and stomatitis: Assess risk for falls, thermal injuries, and skin breakdown, assess dehydration, infection and pain and nutritional impairment, encourage good oral hygiene.

Question 34

Zidovudine Interventions:

Answer 34

BMI and GI intolerance: Assess WBC, RBC, platelets, assess perianal area for excoriation and infection. Assess fluid and electrolyte balance, clean as necessary, assess for pain and n/v

Question 35

Didanosine Interventions:

Answer 35

Pancreatitis, and Peripheral neuropathy: Relieve pain, withhold oral feedings, bed rest, maintenance of gastric suction, place pt. in semi folwers position, spo2, abgs , assess skin breakdown, moniiotr fluid and electrolyte.assess risk for falls, thermal injuries and skin breakdown.

Question 37

Nevirapine Interventions:

Answer 37

Hepatitis, and RASH. Assess for itching ( puritis), temperature, palpate skin for texture, lymph nodes, assess mouth and ears, assess LFT's ( PT, INR, bilirubin), jaundice, abdominal pain

Question 38

Delviradine Interventions:

Answer 38

RASH and headache: assess itching, temp, palpate skin for texture, lymph nodes, assess mouth and ears, pain management, comfort measures, elevated HOB, symptomatic treatment

Question 39

Efavirenz Interventions

Answer 39

RASH and CNS ( dizzy/confusion). assess itching, temp, palpate skin for texture, lymph nodes, assess mouth and ears, inspect skin for breakdown, avoid scratching, assess LOC, memory lapses, sensory deficits, headache.

Question 40

Ritonavir Interventions

Answer 40

GI intolerance, paresthesia: Assess perianal area for excoriation, and infection, assess fluid and lyte balance, clean as necessary, assess for pain, n/v, assess CMS, pain color, CRT, pulse, edema

Question 41

Indinavir Interventions

Answer 41

Nephrolithiasis, GI intolerance: Pain management, increased fluid intake, vitals, infection, assess perianal region for excoriation and infection, assess fluid and lytes, clean as necessary, assess for pain, n/v

Question 42

Nelfinavir Interventions:

Answer 42

Diarrhea, hyperlipidemia: Assess perianal region for excoriation, and infection, assess fluid and lyte balance, clean as necessary, assess for pain, N/V assess LDL , HDL , total cholesterol, triglycerides, education diet and exercise.

Question 43

Lopinavir Interventions

Answer 43

GI intolerance and hyperlipidemia. Assess perianal area for excoriation and infection, assess-fluid and lyte balance, cleas as necessary, assess for pain, n/v assess LDL , HDL , total cholesterol, triglycerides, education diet and exercise.

Question 44

Enfuvirtide Interventions

Answer 44

Pneumonia and hypersensitivity reaction: Encourage fluid intake, humidification, coughing and deep breathing exercises, percussion, postural drainage, rest ( semi-fowlers), RR, spo2, monitor fluids and lytes, adequate nutrtion, vitals signs. And Assess eosinophil cout, RR, spo2, HR, itching, erythema, raised lesions

Question 45

Hydroxyurea Interventions:

Answer 45

BMS, Renal toxicity, Liver toxicity: Assess BUN, creatinine, lytes, hydration, diuresis, allopurinol, frequent voiding. Diruesis assess WBC, RBC, RBC, platelets LFT ( PT, INR, albumin, and bilirubin)