HIV LAWS Flashcards
(132 cards)
1
Q
Obligate Intracellular parasites
which infects CD4+ or the T-helper
cells
A
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
(HIV)
2
Q
In what family do HIV belongs?
A
Retro Virida, Retroviridae
3
Q
HIV is considered what kind of virus?
A
Retrovirus
4
Q
The ability to replicate without
a host.
A
Intracellular
5
Q
What stimulates the immune response?
A
KILLER T-CELLS
* MACROPHAGES
* B-CELLS
6
Q
Global symbol for solidarity
with HIV positive people and those living with
AIDS
A
Red ribbon
7
Q
When is world AIDS Day?
A
December 1
8
Q
You will never get HIV by sleeping with a virgin
A
MYTH
9
Q
Donating blood will not give you HIV
A
FACT
10
Q
You cannot get HIV from a person who appears healthy
A
MYTH
11
Q
Washing the penis/vagina after
intercourse will prevent HIV
A
MYTH
12
Q
You may contract HIV from mosquito bites AIDS can be cured
A
MYTH
13
Q
HIV can be contracted by having sex
for money
A
FACT
14
Q
Practicing oral sex may give you HIV
A
FACT
15
Q
Anal sex presents a higher risk of HIV
A
FACT
16
Q
Effective use of condom will help prevent HIV
A
FACT
17
Q
Having multiple sexual partners puts you at a greater risk of getting HIV
A
FACT
18
Q
You can get HIV via ..(4)
A
- Sex without a condom
- Passed from mother to baby
- Sharing injecting equipment
- Contaminated blood transfusions & organ transplants
19
Q
HIV is not transmitted by ..
A
Insects’ bites
* Toilet seats
* Kissing
* Sharing cutlery
* Touching
20
Q
(True or False) BODY FLUIDS THAT CONTAIN SMALL
TRACES OF HIV BUT NOT ENOUGH TO TRANSMIT IT ARE THE FOLLOWING:
- saliva
- tears
- feces
- sweat
- sputum
- nasal secretions
- urine
- water
A
False. No water.
21
Q
BODY FLUIDS THAT CONTAIN SMALL
TRACES OF HIV BUT NOT ENOUGH TO TRANSMIT IT: (7)
A
- saliva
- tears
- feces
- sweat
- sputum
- nasal secretions
- urine
22
Q
Enumerate the Infectious fluids (4)
A
- Blood
- Semen
- Rectal Fluid
- Vaginal fluids
- Breast Milk
23
Q
3 WAYS AN HIV+ PREGNANT WOMAN CAN TRANSMIT HIV TO HER BABY.
A
- During pregnancy
- During vaginal childbirth
- Through breastfeeding
24
Q
Transcribe HARP.
A
HIV/AIDS & ART REGISTRY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
25
Keep the official record of the total no. of diagnosis and cases.
HIV/AIDS & ART REGISTRY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
26
Tracks outcome status and tracks death among people with HIV.
HIV/AIDS & ART REGISTRY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
27
Transcribe ARTS.
ANTI RETROVIRAL THERAPHY
28
What is RA 8504?
THE PHILIPPINE AIDS
PREVENTION AND CONTROL ACT
OF 1998
29
RA 8504 was approved on?
February 13, 1998
30
An act promulgating policies and
prescribing measures for the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines, instituting a nationwide HIV/AIDS information and
educational program, establishing a comprehensive HIV/AIDS monitoring
system, strengthening the Philippine National Aids Council, and for other purposes.
RA 8504
31
An act promulgating ____ and
prescribing measures for the _____ and _____ of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines, instituting a nationwide HIV/AIDS information and
_______, establishing a comprehensive HIV/AIDS monitoring
system, strengthening the Philippine National Aids Council, and for other purposes.
Policies; prevention; control; educational program
32
(T or F) Compulsory HIV testing shall be
considered lawful.
False. It is considered unlawful.
33
(T or F) The right to privacy of individuals with
HIV shall be guaranteed.
True.
34
(T or F) Discrimination, in all its forms and subtleties, against individuals with HIV
or suspected of having HIV shall be considered inimical to individual and
national interest.
True.
35
(T or F) Provision of basic health and social services for individual with HIV shall be assured.
True.
36
(T or F) "Positively address and seek to eradicate conditions that aggravate the spread of HIV infection" is under section 3, article 1 of RA 8504
False. It is under section 2.
37
Under what section is this "Promote utmost safety and universal
precautions"
Section 2
38
(T or F) Extend to every person suspected or known to be infected with HIV/AIDS
full protection of his/her human rights & civil liberties (right to privacy,
discrimination, basic health & social services) is under section 2 of RA 8504.
True
39
Which statement is true?
A. Positively address and seek to eradicate conditions that aggravate
the spread of HIV infection.
B. Recognize the potential role of affected individuals in propagating
vital information.
Both are from section 2 of RA 8504.
Both statements are true.
40
Condition characterized by a combination of signs and symptoms, caused by HIV contracted from another person which attacks and weakens the body’s immune system making the afflicted individual susceptible to other life-threatening infections
ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY
41
Individual being tested does not reveal
his/her true identity; uses a symbol or number.
ANONYMOUS TESTING
42
Finding of the sexual partners of an
individual tested/ diagnose with HIV.
CONTACT TRACING
43
( T or F) Section 3, Article 1 talks about Safe Practices and Procedures.
False. S3A1 talks about Education Information.
44
Transcribe DECS
Department of Education, Culture and Sports
45
Transcribe CHED
Commission on Higher Education
46
Transcribe TESDA
Technical Education and Skill Development Authority
47
What are the penalties for unsafe practices and procedures?
* 6- 12 years of imprisonment
* Fines and suspension or revocation of the license to practice his/her profession
48
Lawful consent to HIV testing of a donated human body, organ, tissues or blood shall be considered as having been when:
* A person volunteers or freely agrees to
donate blood, organ or tissue for
transfusion, transplantation or
research
* A person has executed a legacy in
accordance with the Organ Donation
Act of 1991 (RA 7170)
* A donation is executed in accordance
with Ra 7170
49
Compulsory HIV testing may be allowed only in the following instances:
* A person convicted under the AntiRape Law
* Settle relevant issues pertaining to
Family code
* Complying for the RA 7719 and 7170
50
What is RA 7719
National Blood Services Act
51
What is RA 7170
Organ Donation Act
51
Comprehensive HIV/AIDS monitoring program
“AIDSWATCHING”
52
What are the exceptions in medical confidentiality?
* When complying with the
requirements of AIDSWATCH
* When informing other health workers
directly involved in the care of a person
with HIV/AIDS
* When responding to a subpoena
issued by a court
53
RELEASE OF HIV/AIDS TEST RESULTS(5)
* The person;
* Parent of a minor child who has been tested
* Legal guardian in the case of insane persons or orphans
* Person authorized to receive such
results in conjunction with the AIDSWATCH program;
* Justice of the Court of Appeals or the Supreme Court
54
DISCRIMINATION IN THE WORKPLACE
Termination from work
55
DICRIMINATION IN THE SCHOOLS
Refuse admission, expel, discipline,
segregate, deny participation, benefits and services
56
RESTRICTIONS ON TRAVEL AND
HABITATION
* Quarantined, put in isolation, refused lawful entry
* Deported from Ph territory
57
Penalties for discrimination
* Imprisonment: 6 months to 4 years
* Fine: not exceeding 10,000 php
* Revocation of permits
58
When was EO no 39 approved?
DEC 3, 1992
59
Oversee an integrated and
comprehensive approach to
HIV/AIDs prevention and control in
the Philippines
EO NO. 39
60
How many members do we have for EO no 39
26 members
61
RULES AND
REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE
REGULATION OF HIV TESTING
LABORATORIES
AO NO. 2005-0027
62
AO NO. 2005-0027
RULES AND
REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE
REGULATION OF HIV TESTING
LABORATORIES
63
Screening tests for HIV AB (2)
a. Enzyme
Immunoassay
b. Particle
Agglutination
64
Confirmatory for HIV AB (4)
a. Western Blot
b. Immunofluorescence
c. Radio ImmunoPrecipitation
d. Polymerase Chain Reaction
65
NATIONAL REFERENCE LABORATORIES FOR HIV
RITM - Research Institute for Tropical Medicine
SACCL/SLH – San Lazaro Hospital
66
POLICIES AND
GUIDELINES IN THE CONDUCT OF
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY
VIRUS (HIV) COUNSELING AND
TESTING IN COMMUNITY AND
HEALTH FACILITY SETTINGS
AO NO. 2010-0028
67
AO NO. 2010-0028
POLICIES AND
GUIDELINES IN THE CONDUCT OF
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY
VIRUS (HIV) COUNSELING AND
TESTING IN COMMUNITY AND
HEALTH FACILITY SETTINGS
68
Written agreement of person allowing to undergo procedure
INFORMED WRITTEN CONSENT
69
Five-year plan containing the country’s
action and response towards maintaining the
low HIV prevalence status of the Philippines
FOURTH AIDS MEDIUM TERM PLAN
70
has antibodies reactive
with the HIV antigen
REACTIVE SAMPLE
71
HIV/AIDS Core Team
(HACT)
TREATMENT HUB
72
initial serological test
SCREENING TEST
73
Also called as the Voluntary Counseling and Testing
HIV Counseling
74
2 HIV counseling process/types
1. Pre-HIV Test Counseling
2. Post-HIV Test Counseling
75
Client-Initiated Counseling and Testing
* Space where privacy is observed and confidentiality is ensured
* Individual or group settings
* Same counselor in case there is a follow-up session
PRE HIV Test Counselling
76
* Explanation of the test result “window period”
* Basic education about HIV prevention
* Methods of transmission
* HIV-Negative persons**
* Ensure that the patient understands the results
* Allow the patient to ask questions
* Discuss follow up services and treatment
* Discuss possible disclosure of results
* Assess the risk of violence of suicide
POST HIV Test Counselling
77
What is RA 11166?
PHILIPPINE HIV AND AIDS POLICY ACT
78
RA 11166 is repealed what law?
RA 8504
79
What is RA 8504?
PH AIDS PREVENTION AND CONTROL ACT OF 1998
80
When was RA 11166 approved?
December 20, 2018
81
RA 11166 was signed by?
Rodrigo Roa Duterte
82
How many sections RA 11166 has?
57 sections
83
Membership and composition criteria
(a) Government agencies or CSOs with direct contribution to the performance of the core functions of the Council
(oversight, direction setting and policy making);
* (b) Government agencies or CSOs with existing programs, services, and activities that directly contribute to the achievement of the AMTP
* (c ) Government agencies or CSOs with existing constituencies that are targeted by the AMTP’s objectives and activities.
84
First tier members?
(1) Department of Health (DOH);
(2) Department of Education (DepEd);
(3) Department of Labor and Employment
(DOLE);
(4) Department of Social Welfare and
Development (DSWD);
(5) Department of the Interior and Local
Government (DILG);
(6) Civil Service Commission (CSC)
85
Second tier members?
(7) Commission on Higher Education (CHED);
(8) National Youth Commission (NYC);
(9) Philippine Information Agency (PIA);
(10) Department of Budget and
Management;
(11) The Chairperson of the Committee on
Health and Demography of the Senate of the
Philippines or his representative;
(12) The Chairperson of the Committee on the
Health of the House of Representative or his
representative
(13-14) Two (2) representatives from
organization of persons living with HIV and
AIDS;
(15) One (1) representative from a private
organization of persons living with HIV and
AIDS;
(16-21) Six (6) representatives from NGOs
working for the welfare or identified key
populations
86
Chairperson, vice chair person, TOF
Chairperson: Secretary of Health (Dr.
Teodoro Herbosa)
Vice-Chairperson: Elected from the gov’t
agency members
TOF: 3 years, max of 2 consecutive terms
87
Aids Medium Term Plan components?
* (a) **The country’s target and strategies
in addressing the HIV and AIDS
situation;**
* (b) **The prevention, treatment care and
support, and other components of the
country’s response;**
* (c) **The operationalization of the program and identification of the government agencies that shall implement the program,** including the designated office within each agency responsible for overseeing, coordinating, facilitating and monitoring the implementation of its AIDS program for the national to the local levels;
* (d) **The budgetary requirements and corollary investment plan of each government agency specified in the AMTP**, and shall identify the sources of funds for its implementatiom
88
What are the roles of DOH according to section 9 of RA 11166?
The epidemiology bureau shall serve the following purposes:
* Determine and monitor the
magnitude and progression of HIV and
AIDS in the Philippines
* Receive, collate, process, and evaluate
all HIV-and-AIDS-related medical
reports from all hospitals, clinics,
laboratories and testing centers,
including HIV-related deaths and
relevant data from public and private
hospitals, various databanks or
information (ANONYMITY)
* Submit, through its Secretariat,
quarterly and annual reports to the
PNAC containing the findings of its
monitoring and evaluation activities in
compliance with this mandate
89
Measures to take to protect the human rights for HIV/AIDS positive people under section 10?
* Shall ensure the delivery of nondiscriminatory HIV and AIDS services
by government and private HIV and
AIDS service provider
* Ensure that their civil, political,
economic, and social rights are
protected
90
Integrate basic and age-appropriate
instruction of the causes, modes of
transmission, and ways of preventing the
spread of HIV and AIDS and other STIs in
their respective curricula.
Section 12 or EDUCATION IN LEARNING INSTITUTIONS
91
Requirements for HIV testing?
* (a) 15-18 years old: No need for
parent/guardian consent
* (b) <15 years old who is pregnant or
engaged in high-risk behavior shall
be eligible for HIV testing and
counseling, with the assistance of a
licensed social worker or health
worker. Consent to voluntary HIV
testing shall be obtained from the
child without the need of consent from
a parent or guardian
* (c) <15 years of age or is mentally
incapacitated; needs parent/guardian
consent
92
Role of DOH under sec 31?
* (a) Accredit public private HIV testing
facilities based on capacity to deliver
testing services including HIV
counseling
* (b) Develop the guidelines for HIV
counseling and testing
COUNSELING= FREE
93
( T or F ) Results are disclosed by the trained service
provider who conducts pre-test and
post-test counseling only to the
individual who submitted to the test
True
94
Below 15 y/o (orphan, mentally
incapacitated): give it to ___
Guardian
95
Below 15 y/o not suffering from mental
incapacity: Give it to _____
Patient
96
RA 11166 was signed at what date?
December 20, 2018
97
RA 11166 was lobbied by?
Risa Hontiveros and Rep Kaka Bag-Ao of Dinagat Islands
98
Used for the virus transcription of RNA to DNA inside the cell
Reverse Transcriptase
99
Virus utilizes to penetrate the target cells in the body
Integrase
100
Responsible for the maturation of the virus inside the target cell
Protease
101
Important glycoproteins located on the surface of the viral wall and responsible for the point attachment to target cells
Gp120 and Gp41
102
Genetic level resemble some attributes of the parasites but this means that they need other living things to replicate/reproduce
Obligate
103
Explain the 6 mouth parts
four are used to pierce the skin; other two are composed of two tubes- one sends saliva into the host and the other sends blood up to the mosquito; only saliva is injected into humans
104
What does not exist inside the mosquito gut so there’s no way of replicating the virus?
T cells
105
Highest case for the cause if HIV
Rectal and Anal
106
Effectivity of condom (%)
96%
107
Three major routes of transmission
Sexual route
Mother-to-child route (perinatal)
Parenteral inoculation
108
Sexual transmission
Sexual intercourse (vaginal and anal)
Oral sex
Heterosexual transmission
109
Non-sexual transmission
Sharing of infection
Needle sticks
Blood transfusion
Hemophilia treatment
Mother to child
110
Origin of HIV
Primate (human, monkeys, apes)
111
HIV 1 origin?
Central common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes troglodytes)
112
HIV 1 RNA structure/description?
Two copies of single stranded RNA enclosed by a conical capsid which is surrounded by a plasma membrane that is formed from part of the host cell membrane
113
More virulent and easily transmitted HIV
HIV 1
114
Causative agent of AIDS in the US and Europe during early years
HIV 1
115
HIV 2 origin name
Sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys), old world monkey of Guinea Bissau, Gabon and Cameroon
116
Immunoblot
Uses nitrocellulose or nylon strips containing individual HIV proteins
Western Blot
117
detects antibodies to many HIV antigens but requires a well maintained fluorescent microscope
Immunofluorescence
118
minimally denatured antigens, requires radioactive materials (only performed in research labs that can maintain HIV in cell cultures)
Radio immuno-precipitation assay
119
With the new law, gaps in the provisions and enforcement of the 21-year-old Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998 (Republic Act 8504) will be addressed.
RA 11166
120
The members of PNAC shall be appointed by the president except
Members of government agencies
121
where something is stored or deposited
Repository
122
Below 15 y/o, mentally incapacitated (results)
result may be disclosed to either of the patient’s parents, legal guardian or duly assigned licensed social worker or health worker
123
Below 15 y/o not suffering from mental incapacity
result of the test shall be disclosed to the child
124
Penalty for breaches in confidentiality
50,000 - 150,000 or 6 mos - 2 years imprisonment
125
Penalty for mass dissemination of HIV status
150,000 - 350,000 or 2 years and 1 day to 5 years imprisonment
126
Penalty for health professional, medical instructors etc.
350,000 - 500,000 or 5 years and 1 day to 7 years
127
Penalty for discriminatory acts
50,000 - 500,000 or 6 mos - 5 years imprisonment
128
Penalty for misinformation
50,000 - 500,000 or 1 - 10 years imprisonment
129
Penalty for negligence
6 - 12 years imprisonment and suspension or revocation of license
130
Protection of HIV/AIDS worker from harassment
100,000-500,000 or 6 mos - 5 years imprisonment
131
Act on health insurance and similar services (penalty)
50,000 or 6 mos - 5 years of imprisonment and revocation of permits and/or license
