Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm 446 Final > HIV Part 1 > Flashcards

HIV Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Which HIV type is the MAJOR cause of AIDS?

A

HIV-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Globally, what percentage of ppl living wiht HIV were accessing antiretroviral therapy?

A

75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

GLOBALLY, what percentage of ppl living with HIV KNEW their status?

A

85%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

GLOBALLY, how many ppl became NEWLY infected with HIV in 2021?

A

1.5 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 2020 targets regrading:
- HIV treatment.. 1) for ppl living with HIV who know their status 2) ppl with HIV who are ON trx 3) for ppl living with HIV who are VIRALLY SUPPRESSED. —> What are the 2019 GLOBALY stats on this? What are the 2020 stats on this for CANADA?
- new infections among adults?
- discrimination?

  • What are the 2030 targets?
A

by 2020:
- 90,90,90/
- 500 000 new infectiosn among adutls
- 0 discrim

by 2023:
- 95,95,95
- 200 000
- 0 discrim

–> 2019, 2020 Stats respectively:
1) for ppl living with HIV who know their status - 81, 90** (met for first time)
2) ppl with HIV who are ON trx - 67, 87
3) for ppl living with HIV who are VIRALLY SUPPRESSED. - 59, 95 met

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what proportion of canadians are not aware of their HIV status in 2020?

A

1 in 8.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are they KEY pops disproporitioantely affected by HIV?

A

– Indigenous peoples
– Gay and bisexual men
– People who use drugs
– People with experience in the prison system
– People from countries where HIV is endemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which province has highest incidence of HIV?

A

Sk followed by MB.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 3 modes of transmission for HIV?

A

sexual, parenteral, perinatal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Categories of Risk that a person has TRANSMISSIBLE HIV infection:
- what are the 2 criteria associated with SUBSTANTIAL RISK?

A

SUBSTANTIAL RISK:
- HIV positive and viremic (i.e. viral load > 40 copies/ml)
or
- HIV status unknown, but from a pop with HIGH HIV prevalnce (ie/ MSM, injection drug useers).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Categories of Risk that a person has TRANSMISSIBLE HIV infection:
- what is the criteria associated with LOW BUT NONZERO RISK?

A

LOW BUT NONZERO:
- HIV Positive but viral load < 40 copies/mL WITH concomittant STI present at time of exposure.
** STIS incr risk of transmission.
** higher viral load increases risk of transmission.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Categories of Risk that a person has TRANSMISSIBLE HIV infection:
- what is the criteria associated with NEGLIGIBLE OR NONE RISK?

A

NELIGIBLE OR NONE:
- confirmed HIV negative
OR
- HIV positive with confirmed viral load < 40 AND no known concurrent STI present at time of exposure.
OR
- HIV status unknown for someone of the general pop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 2 highest risk exposure types?

A

anal receptive and needle sharing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 3 moderate risk exposure types?

A

anal insertive, vaginal receptive, vaginal insertive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 3 low risk exposure types?

A

All types of oral (giving, receiving, oral-anal contact), sharing sex toys and blood on compromised skin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the PERINATAL risk of HIV transmission in absence of treatment?

A

25%.

17
Q

What are 6 strategies for HIV prevention?

A
  • Safer sex practices (e.g. condom use)
  • Identifying and treating STIs
  • Needle exchange programs, sterilized
    equipment, opiate agonist therapy
  • Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)
  • Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)
  • Treating individuals living with HIV
    – includes pregnant individuals (perinatal)
18
Q

Which group of HIV infected indivdiuals is responsible for highest numbers of transmissions?

A

those who are UNAWARE Of HIV infeciton. That’s why testing is imp!!

19
Q

Recreate the diagram showing Clinical Progression of HIV. (slide 23)

A

After initial infection Get really high rates of HIV RNA replication (flu like sx, etc), seeds many organs (HIV resevoir). –> Then After acute syndrome, viral load tends to go down and reach a set point. Goes into clinicl latency for a number of years. –> w/o intervention, by 8 years, start getting more opp. Infecitons, immune system loses contorl, and deaht occurs in 10 years. CD4 count drops down to really low.

20
Q

What are the most common symptoms of Acute Retroviral Syndrome?

A

– Fever
– Maculopapular rash
– Lymphadenopathy
– Myalgia or arthralgia
– Pharyngitis
– Oral ulcers
– Weight loss

nothing specific screams HIV

21
Q

What is the definition of AIDS>

A

AIDS is diagnosed when an individual with HIV develops a severe opportunistic infection or cancer, or when their CD4 cell count drops below 200 cells/uL.

22
Q

How does HIV establish infection?

A

HIV initially attaches to CD4 T lymphocytes and stimulates T cell to replciate new viral particles that go on to infect more T cells. Once gets to lymphoid tissues, virus seeds the body. over time, virus destroys CD4 T cells.

23
Q

How often should EVERYONE be tested fro HIV?

  • what about ppl at high riks?
  • good practice to screen for HIV when screenign for what else?
A
  • Everyone should be tested for HIV min. once in a Lifetime.
  • but if higher risk, then should be multiple times a year or at least yearly.
  • Good practice is to screen HIV when screening for other STIs.
  • Earlier dx dcr morbity/mortality and transmission to others.
24
Q

When should females be tested for HIV during pregnancy?

A

1) all pregnant ppl shoudl be offered HIV testing at FIRST PRE-NATAL VISIT (sometimes ppl opt out tho).

2) pregnant ppl who test NEGATIVE but conitnue to be at risk of HIV acquisition (i.e. ongoing risk behaviour, HIV + partner) should have REGULAR RE-TESTING and testing at POINT of delivery.

3) pregnant ladies who arrive to delivery w/o having done a prenatal HIV test should be offered rapid HIV testing at delivery.

25
Q

When should females be tested for HIV during pregnancy? (3)

A

1) all pregnant ppl shoudl be offered HIV testing at FIRST PRE-NATAL VISIT (sometimes ppl opt out tho).

2) pregnant ppl who test NEGATIVE but conitnue to be at risk of HIV acquisition (i.e. ongoing risk behaviour, HIV + partner) should have REGULAR RE-TESTING and testing at POINT of delivery.

3) pregnant ladies who arrive to delivery w/o having done a prenatal HIV test should be offered rapid HIV testing at delivery.

26
Q

Describe the GOLD STANDARD HIV test.

  • when are results reported?
  • how long does it take to return results?
  • can be ordered through what 4 avenues?
A

Involves a venous blood draw and 2 steps:
Step 1) Antibody/antigen screen (4th gen tests) –> ifpositive, do confirmatory test for HIV RNA.

Step 2) Confirmatory HIV RNA testing.

  • results only reported once step 2 is complete for positive results. (i..e reflects TRUE POSITIVE).
  • 1 wk/
  • can be done through GP, STI clinic, ER, hopsitals.
27
Q

What is the only health canada approved POINT OF CAIR HIV TEST?

  • how quickly are results availble?
  • requires what kind of sample?
  • equivalent to what gen GOLD STD test?
  • does it need confirmatoyr testing?
A

INSTI HIV-1/HIV-2 aby test.

  • Takes 1 min to read
  • Requires a fingerpick blood sample
  • Equivalent to 3rd gen std test. (>99% sensitivity and specificity)–> If exposed in past 2-3 mos or longer, then it will pick it up. Not good if exposed any earlier tho.
  • Need confirmatory blood test to confirm dx.
28
Q

What is the only health canada approved POINT OF CAIR HIV TEST?

  • how quickly are results availble?
  • requires what kind of sample?
  • equivalent to what gen GOLD STD test?
  • does it need confirmatoyr testing?
A

INSTI HIV-1/HIV-2 aby test.

  • Takes 1 min to read
  • Requires a fingerpick blood sample
  • Equivalent to 3rd gen std test. (>99% sensitivity and specificity)–> If exposed in past 2-3 mos or longer, then it will pick it up. Not good if exposed any earlier tho.
  • Need confirmatory blood test to confirm dx.
29
Q

Can a negative INSTI test be considered a TRUE NEGATIVE? what is the exception?

A

yes!, unless person is in the WINDOW PERIOD OF INFECTIVITY.

30
Q

What can HIV Dried Blood Spot Testing detect?

A

Abys ot HIV AND HIV RNA**

31
Q

What test do you use to MONITOR HIV infection?

A

VIRAL LOAD: quanitfies amount of HIV RNA in copies/mL.

32
Q

What are the indications for Viral Load testing? (3)

A

– diagnosing acute HIV infection
– surrogate marker for treatment response
– assess risk of HIV transmission (e.g. perinatal,
sexual etc)

33
Q

Whti is the VIRAL LOAD (HIV RNA) goal?

A

HIV RNA below limit of detection (aka: VL < 20-50 copies/mL)

34
Q

How oftne should HIV RNA/Viral Load be measured?

for the average person?

vs a very stable pt with supressed VL?

A

at baseline, then 1-2 mos after starting treatmetn; then repeated q3-4 months.

in very stable pts with suppressed VL –> may repeat q6months.

35
Q

CD4+ T cel count is a major indicator of what?

  • waht is it a strong predictor of?
A

IMMUNOCOMPETENCE!!

  • disease progression and survival.
36
Q

How often is a CD$+ T cell count lab ordered?

A

baseline, then q3-6 months initially.

–> in stable pts with suppressed VL, yearly CD4 monitoring is adequate.

Pharm 446 Final (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions