HLK Week 4 Flashcards
What physiological response to pulmonary arterioles have to low oxygen?
Constriction (as opposed to systemic arterioles, which dilate)
What counts as a “submassive PE?”
Normotensive with acute PE and evidence of right ventricular dysfunction.
True or false: most patients with PE are normotensive with preserved RV function, and therefore have a good prognosis.
True
Explain the basic pathophysiological reason for the symptoms of pulmonary hypertension.
Loss of ability to increase cardiac output leads to SOB, dizziness, peripheral edema, fatigue, chest pain, etc.
Common sign of intrinsic lung disease:
- Bibasilar end-inspiratory crackles
- Clubbing (common in IPF)
- Erythema nodosum (common in sarcoidosis)
- Raynaud’s, telangiectasias, rash
- Evidence of cor pulmonale
- Wheezing NOT common
Describe the classic presentation for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF):
- Progressive dyspnea
- Fine inspiratory bibasilar crackles
- Clubbing
- Systemic Sx uncommon but include: weight loss, fever, fatigue, arthralgia or myalgia.
Common imaging finding in late stage IPF:
Honeycombing
Typical sarcoidosis patient:
Middle aged, African American woman
Classic radiographic finding in sarcoidosis:
Bilateral hilar adenopathy
Classic radiographic finding in silicosis:
Hilar lymphadenopathy with “eggshell” calcifications
Classic radiographic finding in asbestosis:
Pleural thickening with plaques along the diaphragm and posterolateral chest wall.
What’s the most predictive symptom of pleural effusion?
Pleuritic chest pain (pain upon inspiration)
Type of non-inflammatory, non-painful pleural effusion:
Transudative
Type of inflammatory, painful pleural effusion::
Exudative
Why is a right sides pleural effusion commonly seen with ascites?
Positive intraperitoneal pressure and negative pleural pressure creates a pressure gradient, forcing fluid through diaphragmatic refts (seen in 30% of pts) and into the pleural space, especially when they breath.
