HLST 110 (Final)

Question 1

What is a centenarian? Super Centenarian?

Answer 1

A person who lives to or beyond the age of 100

Super centenarian >=110 (only achieved by about 1 in 1000 people

Question 2

Who was Jeanne Cleament?

Answer 2

The oldest human who’s age was well documented
122 years and 164 days

Question 3

What happened to life expectancy between 1920s and today?

Answer 3

It increased drastically, from 59-61 yo to 80-84 yo. This can be attributed to the great advances in science and healthcare

Question 4

What is the number of Centenarians from 2001 to 2022

Answer 4

They increased in count by 10000 ( from 3795 to 13484

Question 5

Which province has the highest number of Centenarians in 2011?

Answer 5

Actually Saskatchewan, but they also had the highest average lifespan/life expectancy

Question 6

What is the ratio of male to female Centenarians in 2011?

Answer 6

1 man to every five women (4870 women, 955 men)

Question 7

What are some factors to living 100 years?

Answer 7

Inherited genes or your own biology
Where you live
The chooses you make

Question 8

What is a Blue Zone?

Answer 8

Areas characterized by extreme longevity
Sardinia Island
High conc of centenarian men

Question 9

What do people in blue zones do differently?

Answer 9

• Regular low level activity
• Plant prioritized diet
• Eat until about 80% full
• Intergenerational family
• strong Friendship structure
• find reason to wake up
• pause for nature 24h/week

Question 10

How can we prove Centenarians have their genes to thank for the long age?

Answer 10

Siblings of centenarians have relatively higher probability of surviving to exceptionally old age (95+)

Question 11

What are other researched longevity ideas?

Answer 11

• Genetic Immunology differences
• Genetic influence in insulin
• Calorie restricted diet

Question 14

What is a drug (3 defs combined)

Answer 14

• any food/substance that changes way mind or body works
• ## any drug when taken alters the bodies function (physically or psychologically)

Question 15

Is coffee a drug?

Answer 15

Caffeine is a drug, it’s a stimulant. Meaning coffee can sort of be seen as a drug.

Question 16

How does caffeine interfere with adenosine?

Answer 16

Caffeine is an antagonist, causing adenosine to not be able to interact with the receptors

Question 17

What is anemia caused by?

Answer 17

Lack of iron or B12. Symptoms include fatigue, weakness,

Question 18

What is nutrition?

Answer 18

The science that studies food and how food nourishes our body and influences our health.

Question 19

What is malnutrition?

Answer 19

Lack of proper nutrition, caused by not having enough to eat, not eating enough of the right things, or being unable to use the food that one does eat

Question 20

What factors contribute to health?

Answer 20

Physical health
Spiritual health
Emotional health
Social health
Occupational health

Question 21

What are the nutrient groups?

Answer 21

Carbs
Fats and oils
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
Water

Question 22

What are macro nutrients and some examples?

Answer 22

Nutrients our bodies need in relatively large amounts
- Carbs
- Fats
- Proteins

Question 23

What are essential nutrients?

Answer 23

Nutrients that can’t be manufactured by the human body (in sufficient amounts)

Question 24

What is the recommended amount of moderate physical activity every week?

Answer 24

150 minutes

Question 25

What are types of physical activity?

Answer 25

Moderate - brisk walking, cycling, dancing Vigorous - jogging, basketball, running

Question 26

What is Circadian Rhythm Disruption and the Types of it?

Answer 26

When there is a misalignment between our internal rhythm and the external environment - Acute - Jet Lag - Chronic - Rotating Shift work

Question 27

Why do we need circadian Rhythm?

Answer 27

Humans are diurnal - Night - Cellular repair - Toxing clearance - Memory consolidation - Information processing - Day - Energy expenditure - Food and water consumption

Question 28

What are the three Circadian Chronotypes?

Answer 28

Preference of Sleep-Wake Time Timing of physiological Mechanisms Time of Dat Performance Differences

Question 29

What are the types of Preference of sleep-wake time chronotypes?

Answer 29

Morning (sleep and wake earlier Intermediate Evening (sleep and wake later)

Question 30

What are the types of Timing physiological mechanisms chronotypes?

Answer 30

Morning people experience spikes in body temp and melatonin onset much earlier than evening people

Question 31

What are the types of Time of Day Performance differences chronotypes?

Answer 31

Both types show enhancements during period of circadian alignment and deficient during misalignment.

Question 32

What is a stressor?

Answer 32

Stimulus that is appraised/perceived as being aversive. Causes stress response that comprises a series of behavioural, emotional, and biological changes.

Question 33

What are the four types of stressors?

Answer 33

Processive Systemic Psychogenic Neurogenic

Question 34

Describe processive stressors

Answer 34

- Involves info processing - Trying to determine if something’s a threat - can be psychological or physical (ex, burns)

Question 35

Describe systemic stressors

Answer 35

- Insults to biological system - Bodies can interpret threat, don’t have to process threat - Silent insidious attackers Examples are, the body becoming fatigued due to the flu. The fatigue is the stressor.

Question 36

Describe psychogenic stressors

Answer 36

Purely of psychological origin - stress from upcoming events, or just being anxious type thing

Question 37

What are Neurogenic stressors

Answer 37

Physical stressor - Broken Toe - Arthritis

Question 38

What is a definition of meditation?

Answer 38

A diverse range of mental training techniques that cultivate attention and enhanced self awareness to self regulate the body and mind

Question 39

Why do people practice meditation?

Answer 39

- Sublime and spiritual experiences - mental health and well being - Pain management

Question 40

What are the three elements of mindfulness?

Answer 40

Observation Non-Judgment Present