HLST PSYCHOLOGY

Question 1

What is mental health according to WHO 2010?

Answer 1

Mental health is a state of well-being in which an individual recognizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and is able to contribute to his to her community.

Question 2

Mental health according to Canadian mental health association?

Answer 2

Resilience, self-actualization, balance(effectively juggling multiple demands), and an ability to enjoy life.

Question 3

what perspective was missing in the definitions give by WHO and Canadian mental health association?

Answer 3

indicated that mental health can be LOW without, meaning you have mental illness.so “absence of mental illness is surely not enough”.

Question 4

What is mental illness?

Answer 4

wide range of mental health conditions or disorders that affect your mood, thinking and behaviour.

Question 5

examples of mental illness and health issues?

Answer 5

depression, anxiety disorders and panic attacks, schizophrenia, eating disorders, addictive behaviour, Bipolar disease, hypomania and mania, obsessive compulsive disorder, phobias, post traumatic stress disorders, self-esteem, stress

Question 6

what do Canadians often suggest as mental health problems and mental illness as?

Answer 6

depression,anxiety -Mental health problems
schizophrenia- mental illness

Question 7

what do some people suggest about schizophrenia?

Answer 7

that it should be referred as mental illness or brain disease(Alzheimers)rather than mental health problems, stop associating it with stress.

Question 8

Is schizophrenia being biological and depression and anxiety being non biological but based on “mood disorders” fact?

Answer 8

NO

Question 9

how do we see mental health disorders as currently?

Answer 9

nature-nurture
interaction of individual vulnerability and environmental factors

Question 10

heritability of bipolar?

Answer 10

85%

Question 11

what is the take of western society on entirely biological depression?

Answer 11

take medicine-no chance of prevention

Question 12

what is languishing?

Answer 12

Absence of mental health
(individual may not meet the threshold for mental illness yet still have a poor mental health)

Question 13

what are the typical goals for mental illness and mental health?

Answer 13

MENTAL ILLNESS-symptom reduction and relapse prevention
MENTAL HEALTH-health promotion

Question 14

what should be the ideal thought of practitioners?

Answer 14

maximize mental health and minimize mental illness

Question 15

what was thought to be the cause of mental illness in the 18th century?

Answer 15

rapid social change
urbanization
dislocations in society

Question 16

How does vulnerability affects in the stress-vulnerability model?
(Nature-nurture)

Answer 16

more vulnerable-more readily manifest symptoms than less

Question 17

what does the stress-vulnerability model recognizes ?

Answer 17

biological predisposition
(when a person has increased likelihood or higher chance to get a particular disease)

Question 18

What does the stress- vulnerability model acknowledges?

Answer 18

benefit of teaching things such as:
stress management
problem solving

Question 19

how do public policies /social norms influence our access/opportunities leading to inequities ?

Answer 19

1.Discrimination(ethnicity, gender,education,age)
2.income-job opportunity and job security
3.education
4.food security
5.early life experiences
6.Biological determinants-genetic risk, injury,pathogens and toxins.

Question 20

what are the components thought as “biological determinants” influenced by?

Answer 20

SOCIAL DTERMINATION

Question 21

What risks interact with biological factors?

Answer 21

social risk
environmental risk
behavioural risk

Question 22

Globally how many mental illness cases can be found in low income countries?

Answer 22

75%

Question 23

estimated number of psychiatrists in Nigeria?

Answer 23

200

Question 24

what is the deep prejudice among men about mental health or depression?

Answer 24

I.e. men should not take care the there mental health
deal or conquer with problems, not expressing them

Question 25

what was the stigma of person with mental health?

Answer 25

mad man-deadlocked hair-bumbling

Question 26

what were thought to be the cause of mental illness in areas like Nigeria,africa?

Answer 26

Illicit drug use 34% will of god 19% witchcraft 12%

Question 27

few cited known causes of mental health illness?

Answer 27

genetics socio- economic status war conflict loss of loved one

Question 28

what was the fear of people especially Africans for coming out with mental health problems?

Answer 28

afraid of being recognized as the madman derogatory and demeaning words given b y the society.

Question 29

what does Delle quotes as he learned to handle anxiety in a society that's uncomfortable with emotions?

Answer 29

"Being honest about how we feel doesn't make us weak ,it makes us human."

Question 30

who displayed greater anxiety ,depressive symptoms, loneliness during covid-pandemic 19?

Answer 30

younger females(18-29 yrs old)

Question 31

according to the data generated about mental health challenges(due to loneliness) during he height of pandemic who suffered the most?

Answer 31

younger females individuals with lower income people living alone

Question 32

how did loneliness differentiate among people with different annual income?

Answer 32

<$50,000/year-higher >$50,000/year-lower

Question 33

how did pandemic affect economic equalities tied to mental health?

Answer 33

EXACERBATED

Question 34

According to the the research, the negative impact of pandemic wash greater in which cateogary?

Answer 34

Women>men

Question 35

what were the 2 surveys held during covid 19 to get the statistics of the people suffering with mental health issues?

Answer 35

CCHS-Canadian community health services(>12) CPSS-Canadian perspective survey series(>15)

Question 35

what was the difference in percentage of 15-24 aged in related to mental health as compared from 2018-2020?

Answer 35

dropped from 62%-42%

Question 36

how many people responded to the CPPS survey?

Answer 36

>4600 (29 March-3 April 2020)

Question 37

When did CCHS used and what was the sole reason?

Answer 37

prior covid 19 (2018 ),used to compare Canadians’ self-perceived health

Question 38

What does psychological well being means?

Answer 38

1.Lives going well(contribution of psycho, social and environmental biological factors) 2.feeling good and functioning effectively

Question 39

________ are a normal part of life?

Answer 39

PAINFUL EMOTIONS

Question 40

When is psychological well-being compromised due to negative emotions?

Answer 40

extreme, long-lasting,interfere with a person's ability to function in his/her daily life.

Question 41

what indicates psychological well being?

Answer 41

happiness contentment interest engagement confidence affection having some control over one's life having a sense of purpose experiencing +ve relationships

Question 42

what are the reasons of Research on mental well-being coming about?

Answer 42

a.need to study in its own right(since well being is more than absence of well being) b.distinguish b/w these approaches(to improve psychological well-being): treating disorder when its present preventing disorder from occurring enhancing well-being c.more to reduce common mental and behavioural problems than by focusing exclusively on the treatment and prevention of disorder.

Question 43

_________ in brain activation may reflect a person's typical emotional style.

Answer 43

Asymmetries

Question 44

measures of baseline prefrontal asymmetry are ________ in a adults but ________ during early childhood.

Answer 44

stable, not stable

Question 45

individuals with a positive emotional style show higher level of_____ than _____ prefrontal activation at rest, while those with a negative emotional style tend to show higher level of _____ than _____ prefrontal activation at rest?

Answer 45

left than right right than left

Question 46

what are the factors that are likely to play crucial role during this formative period?

Answer 46

life events, parental influences, other environmental factors

Question 47

what is used to know prefrontal activation?

Answer 47

fMRI,EEG

Question 48

what are the drivers of psychological well- being?

Answer 48

1.personality 2.demographic factors(info as gender, age, marital status, family size, occupation, ) 3.socioeconomic factors

Question 49

______ is strongly associated with a +ve emotional style, while _______ is associated with a _ve emotional style.

Answer 49

extraversion(sociability) neuroticism

Question 50

according to data from USA what is the % composition of people flourishing as well as languishing?

Answer 50

17%-flourishing 11%-languishing

Question 51

according to us data, languishing is highly prevalent to what age group and how do they cope up with it?

Answer 51

young people sex, drugs and alcohol(making people more dysfunctional)

Question 52

what is Psychological well-being is associated with?

Answer 52

flexible and creative thinking, pro-social behaviour and good physical health.

Question 53

what affects An individual's level of mental capital and psychological well-being?

Answer 53

early environment, particularly maternal care

Question 54

what has a greater effect on our well-being than external circumstances?

Answer 54

one's actions and attitudes

Question 55

HAPPINESS according to Canadian mental health association?

Answer 55

resilience, self-actualiztion,balance,ABILITY TO ENJOY LIFE.

Question 56

How does chronic anger and anxiety disrupt cardiac function ?

Answer 56

by changing the hearts electrical stability, hastening atherosclerosis , increase systematic inflammation

Question 57

what does the serious, sustained stress adds up to and leads to what?

Answer 57

"wear and tear" illness such as heart disease, stroke and diabetes

Question 58

what is "toxic stress" (Hair trigger physiological response)

Answer 58

continuous activation- body's stress response system- early life trauma-chronic neglect, exposure to violence , or living alone with parent suffering severe mental illness.

Question 59

EMOTIONAL VITALITY

Answer 59

sense of enthusiasm, hopefulness, engagement in life, ability to face life stresses with emotional balance.

Question 60

research- Kubzansky- 2007 what appeared to reduce the risk of coronary disease in women and men aged 25-74 years?

Answer 60

Emotional vitality

Question 61

what are some personal attributes suggested by research that are a key to happy, healthier lifestyle?

Answer 61

Emotional vitality optimism supportive network of family and friends being good at "self-regulation"

Question 62

According to kubzansky what cuts the risk of coronary heart disease in half?

Answer 62

Optimism

Question 63

what is a NHANES and its purpose?

Answer 63

National health and nutrition examination survey-assess the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the US.

Question 64

what do some public health professionals feel about positive emotions that kubzansky disagrees with?

Answer 64

state of mind=state of body positive emotions marks the absence of negative moods and self-destructive habits.

Question 65

what Is the percentage occurrence of heart attacks in US and common causes?

Answer 65

70-80% lifestyle choices-diet, smoking, exercise,

Question 66

what natural hormone acts as a neurotransmitter and is thought to be both a cause and affect of positive social relation ships?

Answer 66

Oxytocin

Question 67

What is altruism?

Answer 67

benefitting others selflessly at a cost to oneself, positive emotions push negative emotions

Question 68

reasonable altruism

Question 69

who have worked in the field of neurobiology of aging?

Answer 69

Andrew steps toe and Jane Wardle

Question 70

happiness predicts ______ and ________?

Answer 70

lower heat rate and blood pressure

Question 71

what is heart rate viability?

Answer 71

time interval between heart beats and is associated with various heart diseases.

Question 72

with one point increase in positive emotions, heart disease risk becomes___% lower.

Answer 72

22%

Question 73

How does happiness strengthens your immune system?

Answer 73

1.positive emotions decrease development of common cold. 2.happy people have higher antibody response to a vaccine.

Question 74

how did positive people respond to a vaccine?

Answer 74

higher antibody response(nearly 2x as compared to others)

Question 75

how is the immune response of positive people?

Answer 75

on the happier days -better immune response

Question 76

which is the stress hormone?

Answer 76

cortisol

Question 77

how was happiness and stress relationship concluded?

Answer 77

1.most happiest-23% lower level of stress hormone(cortisol) 2.level of blood clotting protein which increases after stress was 12 times lower.

Question 78

how is happiness related to pain?

Answer 78

those with higher positive emotions are very less likely to experience increase in pain.

Question 79

what can be protective against disease?

Answer 79

happiness and optimism

Question 80

what can be said as ultimate health indicator?

Answer 80

Longevity

Question 81

happier people were ____% less likely to die over the course of 5 years than the others?

Answer 81

35%

Question 82

how do positive emotions are harmful in late stage diseases and name some?

Answer 82

might due to the fact that happier people underreport, don't get the proper treatment and are overly optimistic. ex-end-stage kidney disease, early-stage melanoma, metastatic breast cancer.

Question 83

according to the life expectancy of nuns what was the difference b/w years of life among those with positive emotions and negative emotions?

Answer 83

7-10 years

Question 84

______ within one's life is another major indicator of happiness and is also linked to longevity?

Answer 84

overall satisfaction

Question 85

link between happiness and longevity is not extended among whom?

Answer 85

very ill

Question 86

how does health contribute win long stage diseases?

Answer 86

not helpful

Question 87

what does serious ,sustained stress or fear can alter?

Answer 87

biological system

Question 88

what are some hair trigger physiological responses?

Answer 88

increased heart rate,B.P,hormones

Question 89

what are researchers trying to determine by science of happiness?

Answer 89

role happiness plays in causing health benefits, distinguish affects of diff forms of happiness, effect of "extreme"happiness and other factor.

Question 90

what does the new study of science of happiness suggests?

Answer 90

we should not look just at life satisfaction but life satisfaction variability

Question 91

what are diff rooms of happiness according to researchers of science of happiness?

Answer 91

positive emotions and life satisfaction

Question 92

we can _________ Happiness.

Answer 92

synthesis

Question 93

what does Ted stands for?

Answer 93

Technology, Entertainment, Design

Question 94

who Is author of stumbling on happiness and what ideas does he challenges?

Answer 94

DAN GILBERT that we'll be miserable if we don't get what we want.

Question 95

according to dan Gilbert our ______ lets us feel truly happen when things don't go as planned.

Answer 95

physiological immune system

Question 96

what is synthetic happiness?

Answer 96

what we make when we don't get what we wanted, considered inferior

Question 97

Researchers suggest that ______ may play a big role in our normal level of subjective well-being.

Answer 97

GENETICS

Question 98

________ can bring down mood and dry up our thirst for living.

Answer 98

environmental factors

Question 99

what were the 2 main characters of the movie inside out?

Answer 99

joy and sadness

Question 100

you are born with ______ towards psychological states plus as anxiety, depression,happiness and optimism.

Answer 100

genetic predisposition,40-50%

Question 101

how does income contributes in emotional well being and day to day happiness?

Answer 101

emotional well being rises up to a point with income day to day happiness did not increase with higher incomes

Question 102

what is the threshold amount of money beyond which it does not affects individual's well being?

Answer 102

$75,000

Question 103

what was the statement given by kahneman and deacon in relation to money with happiness and emotional well being?

Answer 103

"more money does not necessarily buy happiness, but less money is associated with emotional pain"

Question 104

_______ makes us happier than possessions.

Answer 104

experiences

Question 105

according to Thomas gilvoich _________ make powerful and important memories that I would't trade for anything in the world?

Answer 105

Experiences

Question 106

acc to researchers what may come with age?

Answer 106

some sense of happiness, expose themselves to less stress and experience less negative emotions

Question 107

what are some social and emotional competence?

Answer 107

psychotherapy meditation faith-based activities sports spending time with friends

Question 108

what does it mean b y mindfulness?

Answer 108

it means being present in the moment and observing in a non-judgemental way

Question 109

mindfulness comes from ________ and is a key to ________ in tradition?

Answer 109

buddhism,meditation

Question 110

therapies for what variety of conditions incorporate mindfulness?

Answer 110

eating disorder, depression and PTSD

Question 111

mind wandering is associated with ________

Answer 111

unhappiness