HMH REVIEW EOC

Question 1

The Columbian Exchange affected American Indian agriculture by getting
American Indians to

Answer 1

farm barley

Question 2

In 1548, Spanish historian Fernández de Oviedo wrote “there are not now
believed to be at the present time . . . five hundred persons [left].” What
was he writing about?

Answer 2

the effects of infection on the Taino people of Hispaniola

Question 3

Why did the Spaniards start bringing enslaved Africans to New Spain in
1501?

Answer 3

They had exhausted the local population of American Indian slaves.

Question 4

How did trade support the economy of the middle colonies?

Answer 4

Merchants in Philadelphia and New York City exported wheat to foreign
markets.

Question 5

What was the objective of the English Bill of Rights?

Answer 5

to reduce the power of the English Monarch

Question 6

What was the significance of the English Bill of Rights?

Answer 6

It influenced the writers of the U.S. Constitution.

Question 7

How would the opinions of delegates to the Second Continental Congress
be best characterized?

Answer 7

Delegates were far from unified but were open to compromise.

Question 8

Which group felt the colonies did not need independence?

Answer 8

Loyalists

Question 9

What is the likely reason that Spain became an ally to the Patriots?

Answer 9

Spain wished to regain Florida from Britain.

Question 10

How did the delegates resolve the debate over how slaves should factor
into representation in government?

Answer 10

They reached a compromise that allowed each individual slave to be
counted as three-fifths of a person.

Question 11

How did the Federalist Papers try to assure Americans about the new federal
government created under the Constitution?

Answer 11

by saying that the government would not overpower the states

Question 12

What is the Bill of Rights?

Answer 12

a document added to the Constitution to protect the rights of individual
citizens

Question 13

Why do you think that the Constitution insists on dividing state representatives
into a bicameral, or two-part, Congress?

Answer 13

to allow each side to keep the power of the other side in check

Question 14

Why did James Madison promise to add a bill of rights to the

Constitution?

Answer 14

Americans feared that a strong central government might take away the
rights that states had granted to individuals.

Question 15

The Fifth Amendment protects anyone found not guilty in a criminal trial
from being tried again for the same crime. What is the name for this
protection?

Answer 15

double jeopardy

Question 16

Alexander Hamilton stood for a flexible reading of the Constitution, but
Thomas Jefferson stood for

Answer 16

strict construction

Question 17

Which statement expresses the most important reason for the U.S. government’s
treaty with the American Indians in the Northwest Territory?

Answer 17

The U.S. needed to establish a right of entry in order to expand.

Question 18

The first political party division in the United States was between

Answer 18

Democratic-Republicans and Federalists.

Question 19

In the early 1800s, the Mississippi River was crucial to settlers in all but
which of the following states?

Answer 19

Arkansas

Question 20

Jefferson’s Embargo Act failed because…

Answer 20

it caused American merchants to lose money and had little effect on
Britain and France.

Question 21

Lewis and Clark failed in their expedition in that they did not

Answer 21

find a river route across the West to the Pacific Ocean.

Question 22

Why was President Monroe concerned when Mexico became independent
from Spain in 1821?

Answer 22

He thought that European powers might try to colonize new Latin
American countries.

Question 23

Who became president as a result of the controversial election of 1824?

Answer 23

John Quincy Adams

Question 24

How did the decisions in the McCulloch v. Maryland and the Gibbons v.
Ogden cases strengthen the feeling of national unity in the United States?

Answer 24

by reinforcing the power of the federal government

Question 25

What issue most influenced Americans’ political thinking during Andrew Jackson’s presidency?

Answer 25

local economies

Question 26

Andrew Jackson’s stance on federal power was not consistent, as evidenced by what?

Answer 26

He argued to use U.S. troops to enforce tariff collection but argued against establishing a national bank.

Question 27

Who benefited most from Andrew Jackson’s plan to remove American Indians to the West?

Answer 27

American farmers, who gained millions of acres of land for settlement

Question 28

Why did Mexican priest Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla lead about 80,000 American Indians and mestizos in a rebellion in 1810?

Answer 28

The people were poor and thought independence from the Spanish monarchy would improve their lives.

Question 29

What was the significance of Father Hidalgo y Costilla’s rebellion?

Answer 29

It failed to overthrow the Spanish monarch, but inspired the independence movement to grow.

Question 30

How did Brigham Young’s influence resolve the western dispute over water rights?

Answer 30

Young promoted the idea that the good of the community should outweigh the interests of individuals.

Question 31

How is the Industrial Revolution best defined?

Answer 31

a period of rapid growth during which machines became essential to industry

Question 32

What did the Supreme Court decide in the case of Gibbons v. Ogden?

Answer 32

Thomas Gibbons’ federal license had priority over Aaron Ogden’s state license.

Question 33

What first drove the pace of railroad construction in the United States?

Answer 33

growing demand for faster travel and more rail connections

Question 34

Why did the value of slaves drop in the South before the invention of the cotton gin?

Answer 34

Prices for crops were low, so some farmers decreased production and demand for slaves declined.

Question 35

By the early 1800s, many slaves practiced which religion?

Answer 35

Protestantism

Question 36

What event prompted many states to strengthen their slave codes?

Answer 36

Turner’s Rebellion

Question 37

“If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer. Let him step to the music which he hears, however measured or far away.” —Henry David Thoreau, from Walden, published in 1854 How does this quotation by Henry David Thoreau reflect the beliefs held by transcendentalists?

Answer 37

It suggests that people should follow their own beliefs and not the beliefs of others.

Question 38

In late 18th century America, the Second Great Awakening was a period of

Answer 38

Christian renewal and revival that began in the northeastern U.S.

Question 39

Which of these was not a problem with public education in the U.S. in the 1800s?

Answer 39

There were no materials developed for schools to use to instruct students.

Question 40

Harriet Beecher Stowe decided to write Uncle Tom’s Cabin because she wanted to

Answer 40

educate northerners about the evils of slavery in the U.S.

Question 41

Stephen Douglas proposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act because he wanted to

Answer 41

build a railroad from Chicago to the Pacific Ocean.

Question 42

What issue did the Republican Party rally around in 1854?

Answer 42

the spread of slavery in the West

Question 43

What was Union general Winfield Scott’s strategy for winning the Civil War?

Answer 43

He wanted to employ a naval blockade of southern ports and gain control of the Mississippi River to divide the Confederacy.

Question 44

Why did General Robert E. Lee decide to lead the Confederate army although he was opposed to slavery and secession?

Answer 44

He had been born in the South and felt he had to remain loyal to his birthplace.

Question 45

What advantage did the North have over the South in the Battle of Gettysburg?

Answer 45

The North controlled Little Round Top, which gave them a better position than the South.

Question 46

How did Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction affect the social structure of the South?

Answer 46

African Americans began to demand the same economic and political rights as whites.

Question 47

Why did Congressional Republicans think that passing the Fifteenth Amendment would help protect their Reconstruction plan?

Answer 47

They thought African Americans would vote to support the plan if given the right to vote by the Fifteenth Amendment.

Question 48

How did the Democratic group the Redeemers attempt to limit the rights of African Americans?

Answer 48

They established laws that successfully discriminated against African Americans.

Question 49

After the Civil War, the United States engaged in all of the following conflicts except

Answer 49

the Cuban-American War.

Question 50

Which economic change occurred in the United States after 1877?

Answer 50

the second industrial revolution