hmp

Question 1

maximum rate of pumpage that can be allowed while ensuring that water-level declines are kept with acceptable limits.

Answer 1

Groundwater yield

Question 2

maximum pumping rate that can be supplied by a well without lowering the water level in the well below the pump intake

Answer 2

well yield

Question 3

maximum rate of withdrawal that can be sustained by the complete hydrogeologic system in a groundwater basin without causing unacceptable declines in hydraulic head in the system or causing unacceptable changes to any other component of the hydrologic cycle in the basin

Answer 3

basin yield

Question 3

maximum rate of withdrawal that can be sustained by an aquifer without causing an unacceptable decline in the hydraulic head in the aquifer

Answer 3

Aquifer yield

Question 4

Inflow – Outflow =

Answer 4

change in volume

Question 5

What can observe about groundwater systems?

Question 6

problems with lab methods

Question 7

Conducting a pump test (theoretically)

Answer 7

Infrastructure
- At least one pumping well…
o K and transmissivity properties can be determined from single well tests
- At least one observation well
o To determine storage properties
- Multiple observation wells
o Better estimates of storage and transmissivity
o Boundaries
o Anisotropy
- From the test – record the pump rate and know the location of the pumping well, and observation wells.

Question 8

What properties affect drawdown in an unconfined aquifer?

Answer 8

• Storativity
• Horizontal conductivity
• Vertical conductivity
• Specific yield

Question 9

Neuman solution – Three phases of unconfined drawdown

Answer 9

• Phase 1: Drawdown is controlled by the Ss of the saturated part of the aquifer
• • Phase 2: Drawdown is controlled by the vertical conductivity of the aquifer
• • Phase 3: Drawdown is controlled by the specific yield of the aquifer
• This is called the concept of delayed yield

Question 10

Three Phases System: Solid, Liquid and Gas

Answer 10

• Zone of aeration
• Or zone of unsaturation
• Or vadose zone

Question 11

is the depression or the rise of a liquid in a small capillary passage tube having small cross sectional area such as openings in the porous materials

Answer 11

Capillarity

Question 13

is the subsurface layer in which groundwater seeps up from a water table by capillary action to fill pores. Pores at the base of the capillary fringe are filled with water due too tension saturation

Answer 13

Capillary Fringe

Question 14

results from 2 force: mutual attraction (Cohesion) between water molecules and the molecular attraction (Adhesion) between water and different soil materials

Answer 14

• Capillarity

Question 15

can provide a mean of direct evaporation of ground water if the water table is close enough to the surface that the capillary fringe reaches the ground surface

Answer 15

• capillary fringe

Question 16

measuring instrument used to determine water potential (soil moisture tension) in the vadose zone
- Device typically consists of glass or plastic tube with porous ceramic cup and filled with water

Answer 16

• Tensiometer

Question 17

• Soil moisture at a location varies with changes in the amount of ___and _____

Answer 17

precipitation and evapotranspiration

Question 19

when soil-moisture content of a layer reaches to the points at which the force of gravity acting on the water = the surface tension, gravity drainage cease.

Answer 19

• Field capacity

Question 20

the remaining moisture is too tightly bound the soil particles

Answer 20

wilting point

Question 21

primary method through which water enters an aquifer
- usually topographic high places
- deeper water table

Answer 21

groundwater recharge zone

Question 22

an area which groundwater is discharged to the land surface, surface water, or atmosphere
- topographic lows
- shallow water table
- spring, seep, lake. or streams
- vegetation: wet soil
- arid: thicker veg cover or salt deposit

Answer 22

groundwater discharge zone

Question 23

importance of recharge and discharge and time

Answer 23

important to characterize the bedding

Question 24

pila nadaw edad anang tubig or unsa daw to deep well sa davao huhu

Answer 24

40 years

Question 25

_____ wetlands, water moves from the wetland into the groundwater

Answer 25

recharging

Question 26

____ wetlands, water moves from groundwater into the wetland

Answer 26

discharging

Question 27

a line in a 2 dimensional groundwater flow field such that the total hydraulic head is the same everywhere on the surface

Answer 27

equipotential line

Question 28

connects points or equal head and thus represents the height of the water table/ or potentiometeric surface of a confined aquifer, above a datum plane

Answer 28

equipotential line

Question 29

idealized paths followed by particles of water as they move through the aquifer - indicates recharge and discharge

Answer 29

flow lines

Question 30

played a role in the settlement pattern of many lands

Answer 30

spring

Question 31

spots that provide simple mechanism of springs

Answer 31

topographic lows

Question 32

types of springs

Answer 32

- Depression spring -formed in unconfined aquifers when the topography intersects the water table, usually due to the surface stream incision. - Contact spring - formed where relatively permeable rocks overlie rocks of low permeability. A lithological contact is usually marked by a line of springs. Such springs are usually associated with perched aquifers in mountains - Fault spring - Faulting may also give rise to conditions favorable for spring formation as groundwater (at depth) under hydrostatic pressure (such as in confined aquifers) can move up along such faults. An impermeable rock unit may be brought in contact with an unconfined aquifer due to faulting. - Sinkhole spring/solution - on karst landscapes - Joint spring - when groundwater running along an impermeable layer of rock meets a crack (fracture) or joint in the rock. - Fracture spring - ur due to existence of permeable fracture zones in low permeability rocks. Movement of groundwater is mainly through fractures that constitute the porosity and permeability of aquifers. Springs are formed where these fractures intersect the ground surface.

Question 33

some of largest spring are found of __________

Answer 33

limestone bedrocks

Question 34

true or false: all surface water features (streams, lakes, reservoirs, wetlands, and estuaries) interact with ground water)

Answer 34

true

Question 35

characterized by intergranular porosity and all contain water primarily under unconfined, or water-table, conditions.

Answer 35

unconsolidated aquifer

Question 36

a gently sloping plain consisting of alluvium normally delimited by uplands on either side that rise above the level of the valley to varying heights

Answer 36

alluvial valleys

Question 37

true or false: many major valley systems are products of tectonic activity rather than of fluvial or glacial erosion

Answer 37

true

Question 38

fault-block valley can also be created by down-dropping of ____

Answer 38

large crustal pieces along faults

Question 39

clastic sedimentary rocks are typically composed of

Answer 39

silicate, carbonate or clay minerals

Question 40

chemically precipitated sedimentary rocks are primarily

Answer 40

limestone, dolomite, salt or gypsum

Question 41

can also be considered to be sedimentary deposits, with the original sediments being organic

Answer 41

coal and lignite

Question 42

true or false: it is always na sedimentary rocks occur as a single unit: there is no sequence of many beds

Answer 42

false

Question 43

true or false: complex stratigraphy is not a hindrance to ground-water exploration

Answer 43

false

Question 44

difficulties on studying of sedimentary rock units

Answer 44

change in lithology from one locality to another

Question 45

can create very complex hydrogeologic systems in which determination of the locations or recharge and discharge zones and flow systems is confounded

Answer 45

folding and faulting of sedimentary rocks

Question 46

to determine flow systems it is important to determine the ________________ and measure ____ know flow systems but ____ must also be evaluated

Answer 46

determine characteristics of rock units measure groundwater levels in wells detailed geology

Question 47

based on primary permeability is a fucntion of grain size, shape, and sorting of the original sediments - cementation

Answer 47

hydraulic conductivity (clastic)

Question 48

desert areas receive ________ precipitation or less each year

Answer 48

10in (25 cm)

Question 49

they are regional features, bounded on the continental side by highlands and seaward by a coastline(aquifer)

Answer 49

coastal-plain aquifers

Question 50

exits in areas of stable basement rock as well as in those areas where the basement is sinking may include large areas of former sea floor and the geology may be similar to that of the adjacent continental shelf

Answer 50

coastal plains

Question 51

aquifers locted next to tidal bodies are subjected to ________-term fluctuations in the head due to the tide

Answer 51

short

Question 52

general water balance equation

Answer 52

P = Q + E + /\S P = precipitation Q is runoff E is evapotranspirati /\S is the change in storage

Question 53

water use and service percetage (agri, indus, domes)

Answer 53

Agri - 74% Indust - 9% dom - 17%

Question 54

who regulates the water resources?

Answer 54

National water resource board

Question 55

level of water supply service

Answer 55

level 1 - point source (a protected well or developed spring with an outlet but without distribution system) not more than 250 meters and user level 2 - communal faucet system or stand post (composed of a source, reservoir, a piper distribution network and communal faucets) not more than25 meters and user farthest ha level 3 - waterworks sysstem (waterworks system or individual house connections, household taps)

Question 56

presidential decree 198

Answer 56

Local Water Utilities Administration (LWUA) - provide, maintain, operate and development

Question 57

surface water

Answer 57

temporary retention surfaces ponds lakes streams estuarine natural depressions

Question 58

groundwater

Answer 58

wells springs seepages subterranean rivers

Question 59

# ** components of water supply system

Answer 59

water source facilities transmission lines treatment facilities storage facilities pressure zones distribution network

Question 60

source as component of Water supply system

Answer 60

surface water - perennial river without impoundment - river with impounding reservoir

Question 61

shallow well depth in meters

Answer 61

less than 20 meters

Question 62

deep well depth in meters

Answer 62

20 meters or more

Question 63

two types of pump

Answer 63

positive displacement pumps and centrifugal pumps

Question 64

"constant flow machines"

Answer 64

positve displacement pumps

Question 65

velocity is added to fluid by a spinning impeller and converted to pressure energy inside the pump

Answer 65

centrifugal pumps

Question 66

impacts of gw overextractions

Answer 66

land subsidence, salt water intrusions

Question 66

universal solvent

Answer 66

water

Question 67

true or false: gw usually contain largest amounts of dissolved solids

Answer 67

true

Question 68

any deterioration in the quality of water resulting from the activities of humans

Answer 68

pollution of gw

Question 69

most pollution of GW results from

Answer 69

disposal of wastes on land surface

Question 70

____ and ____ of soil and rocks may affect pollutants in several way

Answer 70

mineral composition and physical characteristics

Question 71

deterioation of water qual

Answer 71

changes in quality of water in aquifer and changes in well

Question 72

deterioration of the biological quality

Answer 72

refers to the appearance of bacteria or viruses

Question 73

deterioration in chemical quality

Answer 73

artrival at a supply well of water containing dissolved supply well of water chemical in a undersirably large concentration

Question 74

important constitute in fertilizers and is present in relatively large concentration in human and animal waste

Answer 74

nitrate

Question 75

deterioration in physical quality

Answer 75

changes in appearance, taste and temp