HN Flashcards
(67 cards)
General treatment paradigm
T1-T2: surgery or RT alone
T3 or N+: CRT
Post-op RT to primary:
Post-op RT to primary:
pT3/4
PNI
LVI
Close Margins (<5 mm)
OC primary w level IV/V LN
Post-op RT to neck:
Post-op RT to neck: N2 or N3 (single large node or multiple nodes)
Post-op CRT:
Post-op CRT: ECE, +margins
Treatment volumes script
Script:
- IMRT will be used for parotid-sparing
- Contour the primary and nodal GTV’s defined by preoperative physical examination, operative reports (e.g. exam under anesthesia) and imaging. These will be expanded by 5 mm to make the CTV70
- I will then make an additional 5 mm margin on CTV70 and include areas of potential spread, to make the CTV63. The involved lymph node level will also be CTV63. The remainder of nodal groups will be delineated as CTV56
-an additional 3 mm will be added to create the PTVs
Constraints
- Brainstem/Optic Nerve
- Cord
- Mandible (– PTV)
- Oral cavity (uninvolved)
- Brachial plexus
- Constrictors
- Larynx – PTV
- Submandibular
- Parotid
- Esophagus
For nasal cavity/NPX:
- Pituitary
- Retina/cornea/cochlea
- Lens
- Temporal lobe
- Brainstem/Optic Nerve max 54 Gy
- Cord max 45 Gy
- Mandible (– PTV) max 70
- Oral cavity (uninvolved) mean < 30 (if achievable)
- Brachial plexus max 66 Gy
- Constrictors mean < 55 Gy (as low as possible)
- Larynx – PTV mean < 20 Gy
- Submandibular mean < 39 Gy
- Parotid mean < 26 Gy; ALARA if neck involved
- Esophagus mean < 35 Gy (when achievable)
For nasal cavity/NPX:
- Pituitary mean dose < 40 Gy
- Retina/cornea/cochlea max 45 Gy (cornea max 45)
- Lens max 10 Gy
- Temporal lobe (bilat) max < 60-70 Gy
Nasopharynx T and N stage
T1 –confined to nasopharynx and/or adj oropharynx/nasal cavity
T2 – “soft stuff” parapharyngeal extension, pterygoid muscles, prevertebral muscles
T3 – “hard stuff” bony skull base/spine/pterygoid or bony sinus
T4 – “bad stuff” intracranial, CN palsy, hypopharynx, parotid, orbit, or soft tissue beyond lateral pterygoid muscle
N1 – unilateral, RP (uni/bi) < 6 cm
N2 – bilateral < 6 cm (bilat RP only still N1)
N3 – any level below cricoid(IV, low V) or >6cm
Nasopharynx Overall stage
Overall: T or N+1:
I – T1 N0
II – T2 and/or N1
III – T3 and/or N2
IVA – T4 and/or N3
IVB – M1
NPX T1N0 treatment
T1N0 – RT alone
NPX T2 N0
Concurrent cis-RT
-concurrent q3week Cis 100 mg/m2
NPX T3 or N1
induction cis 80 mg/m2 + gem 1000 mg d1/d8 q3 weeks x 3 cycles ->
Concurrent cis-RT
-concurrent q3week Cis 100 mg/m2
NPX volumes
IMRT – 33 fx
70/2.12, 59.4/1.8, 54/1.64
CTV_70 – (primary + involved nodes) + 5 mm (1mm at critical structures like brainstem)
CTV_59.4: GTV + 10 mm and
- entire NP
- superiorly: inf half of sphenoid sinus; entire vomer and post/inf ethmoid sinus (bony nasal septum); B/L foramen ovale, rotunda, lacera,
- ant: post 1/4 nasal cavity and max sinus, bilat PPF
- lat: parapharyngeal space, pterygoid muscles
- post: anterior 1/3 of clivus (whole if involved)
- 1st echelon nodes (RP, II, III, Va)
- If T3/T4 – entire sphenoid sinus, I/L cavernous sinus; consider jugular foramen, hypoglossal canal for posterolateral infiltration by primary
Level IV can get 54 – all other levels 59.4
OC T stage
T1 - ≤ 2cm and DOI ≤ 5mm
T2 – 2.1-4 cm and/or DOI >5-10mm
T3 - >4cm and/or DOI >10-20mm
T4a –
Lip: through bone, inf alv nerve, FOM, face skin
OC: bone, maxillary sinus, face skin, DOI >20mm
T4b – masticator space, pterygoid plates, skull base, carotid encasement
OC overall stage
T or N+2
I – T1N0
II – T2N0
III – T3 or N1
IVA – T4a or N2
IVB – T4b or N3
IVC – M1
N stage
cN1 – single ipsi node ≤ 3 cm
cN2a – single I/L node 3 - 6 cm
cN2b – multiple ipsi nodes ≤ 6 cm
cN2c – bilat or contralat nodes ≤ 6 cm
cN3a – > 6cm
cN3b – clinically overt ECE
Same as above except:
pN2a – includes single I/L node <3cm with pathologic ECE
OC post op Indications for RT
Indications for RT
- T3/T4
- DOI > 5mm
- Close margin (< 5 mm)
- LVSI
- PNI
- N2+
- Level IV/V LN
=> for boards, irradiate primary and nodes together always
Post-op CRT:
+ margin, + ECE
OC general treatment paradigm
Resectable: Surgery
-Neck dissection for N+, DOI > 2 mm
Unresectable –
Stage I-II: definitive RT alone (EBRT + brachy)
Stage III-IV: CRT
OPX T stage
HPV negative
T1 – ≤ 2cm
T2 – 2.1-4 cm
T3 – >4cm or lingual epiglottis ext
T4a – larynx, medial pytergoid, mandible, muscle tongue extrinsic, hard palate
T4b – lateral nasopharynx, lateral pterygoid muscles, pterygoid plates, skull base, carotid encasement
HPV positive
T4a and T4b collapsed into T4
OPX overall stage
p16+ stage
Overall Clinical Stage greater of T-1 or N, only M1 is stage IV
Pathologic: same except T4N0-1 = II
P16-: T or N+2 (if N+)
T1N0 – I
T2N0 – II
T3, N1 – III
T4a, N2-3a – IVA
T4b, N3b – IVB
OPX treatment Low risk (T1-2N0 or 1 small node (<3cm):
Low risk (T1-2N0 or 1 small node (<3cm):
- Surgery (TORS) -> chemo/RT as indicated
- Definitive RT alone
* do not do TORS + neck dissection if you suspect ECE because then they’ll get all 3 modalities
** for T2N1 tonsil, can treat ipsilateral neck but give chemo, but bilateral neck tx not wrong
OPX treatment Int-High risk (T3-4, >1 node):
Int-High risk (T3-4, >1 node):
Concurrent chemoRT
-def chemoRT: cis 100mg/m2 q 3 wks + 70 Gy IMRT SIB
(if not chemo candidate) -RT+Cetuximab 400 mg/m2 loading dose, then 250 mg/m2 weekly w RT
-If not a candidate for chemo or cexutimab, but chemoRT indicated: RT 70 Gy in 35 fx, use 6 fx/week
TORS: not eligible if T3-4, more than minimal soft tissue palate extension, central BOT, trismus/other difficulties with exposure, radiographic or clinical ECE
P16+ N stage
Clinical N
cN1 – one or more I/L ≤ 6 cm
cN2 – bilat or contralat nodes ≤ 6 cm
cN3 – > 6cm
Path N
pN1 – ≤ 4 LNs
pN2 – > 5 LNs
HPX borders and subsites
Pharynx from hyoid to cricoid
Subsites (3Ps):
Piriform sinuses (#1)
Posterior pharyngeal wall
Postcricoid area

HPX staging
Generally same as larynx+
T1 – ≤ 2cm, one subsite
T2 – 2.1-4cm, or adj subsite or larynx
T3 - > 4cm, or hemilarynx fixation, or esophagus
T4a – thyroid/cricoid, hyoid bone, thyroid, central soft tissue (strap muscles, subQ fat)
T4b – prevertebral fascia, carotid artery, mediastinal structures
N stage => same as oral cavity
Overall Stage => same as oral cavity: T or N+2
