Hobbes - Leviathan Flashcards
(10 cards)
What is Hobbes’ main argument in Chapter 13 of Leviathan?
In the state of nature, where no political authority exists, all humans are naturally equal and thus prone to conflict. This condition leads to a perpetual “war of every man against every man.”
Why does Hobbes think humans are equal in the state of nature?
He argues that even the weakest can kill the strongest—whether by cleverness, alliances, or surprise—so no one is safe or dominant for long.
What are the three main causes of conflict in Hobbes’ state of nature?
Competition – for gain or resources
Diffidence – for safety and self-preservation
Glory – for reputation, pride, or even over minor slights
What is Hobbes’ famous description of life in the state of nature?
“Solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.”
What is Hobbes’ view of justice and morality in the state of nature?
There is no justice or injustice, because without law, there is no moral obligation—only survival through force and cunning.
Why does this chapter matter in political philosophy?
It forms Hobbes’ justification for the social contract: to escape chaos, individuals must surrender their freedom to an absolute sovereign who can enforce peace and order.
How does Hobbes define a “state of war”?
It’s not just active fighting—it’s the constant threat of violence, mistrust, and insecurity when there’s no authority to prevent it.
What’s a key critique of Hobbes’ view of human nature?
Rousseau argued that humans in the state of nature are peaceful and cooperative, and that society corrupts them, not the other way around.
How do modern anthropologists challenge Hobbes?
Studies of pre-state societies suggest they were not universally violent, and often relied on cooperation, kinship, and social norms to resolve conflict.
How does Hobbes’ argument link to modern government?
It supports the idea that strong political authority is necessary to prevent societal collapse into conflict and chaos—still a central debate in politics today.
