Hobbes & Locke Flashcards
(23 cards)
define distributive justice for hobbes
fair distribution of societies benefits
how distributive justice achieved in hobbes
The state
what is the problem that arises from the fact that all humans seek pleasure
Because humans are naturally appetitive machines their desires conflict with one another. In the state of nature this causes violence and instability
humans are _________ machines
hobbes
appetitive
what is the hobbesian state of nature
society before the state. Is a bunch self interested people doing what ever they desire.
how does social contract justify government? relate to distributive justice
Hobbes
The government’s roles is to establish justice. Under the state of nature only those with the power to do so are capable of having anything
why do people seek peace? Hobbes
Peace is valuable
describe the social contract? Hobbes
contract between individuals where they self-interestly choose to exit a state of nature and cooperate.
power given to state consensually
it is a rational decision to have the state
violence by the state is justified so long as it preserves contract
How does Hobbesian king differ from divine right of kings
kings are public servants
how hobbes justifies state
People willing to choose to form a state as the most rational decision
the state brings peace because it can secure their rights.
only the strong succeed without the state so the many weaker chose to form a state to protect themselves
hobbes materialist or idealist
materialist
hobbes communitarian or individualism
individualism
locke state of nature
state of nature is peaceful in locke, but nothing is protected
why form a state locke
Form the state to protect rights. (life liberty and property)
people for state consensually
describe the relationship between rights and the state
rights are intrinsic and do not given by the state, rather the state protects the people’s rights
How state protects rights
1. Sets innate moral law to writing so people do not misconstrue them
2. Provides 3rd party judgment
3. Enforces law
What is Tabula Rasa
Blank slate
Locke believes that we are born tabula rasa and that all knowledge is gained from experience. no innate ideas
How do we get knowledge of things like infinite from experience
ideas and concepts are extrapolated from our experiences with reason
What is the difference between simple and complex ideas
Ideas are built upon from our experiences. A simple idea has not been built upon a complex one has various things compounding to make it.
Explain primary and secondary qualities
Primary qualities actually belong to the object
Secondary Qualities are how we perceive them
how do primary and secondary qualities prove what we see is real
What we perceive come from primary qualities without them there would be no experience to base knowledge on.
For locke we can only know things about ourselves
no knowledge of external things is possible
