Hoffman- ch8 Fluid and Electrolyte Management Flashcards
The nurse is providing care to a patient who is diagnosed with multisystem fluid volume deficit. The patient is currently experiencing tachycardia and decreased urine output along with skin that is pale and cool to the touch. The patient has a decreased urine output. Which probable cause to the patient’s symptoms should the nurse include when educating the family?
1) Congestive heart failure
2) Rapidly infused intravenous fluids
3) Natural compensatory mechanisms
4) Pharmacological effects of a diuretic
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The nurse is providing care to a patient whose serum calcium levels have increased since a surgical procedure performed three days prior. Which intervention should the nurse implement to decrease the risk for the development of hypercalcemia?
1) Monitor vital signs every eight hours
2) Encourage ambulation three times a day
3) Irrigate the Foley catheter one time a day
4) Recommend turning, coughing, and deep breathing every two hours
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Whichinterventionshouldthenurseimplementforapatientwhoseserumphosphoruslevelis2.0mg/dL?
1) Enforce contact precautions
2) Strain all urine for kidney stones
3) Encourage consumption of milk and yogurt
4) Discourage the consumption of a high-calorie diet
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The nurse is providing care to a patient who is prescribed furosemide as part of the treatment for congestive heart failure (CHF). The patient’s serum potassium level is 3.4 mEq/L. Which food should the nurse encourage the patient to eat based on this data?
1) Peas
2) Iced tea
3) Bananas
4) Baked fish
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A patient is admitted to the emergency department (ED) for dehydration. The patient is 154 lbs. Which urine output indicate the rehydration efforts for this patient have been effective?
1) 20 mL/hr
2) 25 mL/hr
3) 30 mL/hr
4) 35 mL/hr
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An older adult patient, who appears intermittently confused, is admitted to the hospital after a fall. Based on the current data, which is the patient at an increased risk for developing?
1) Brain attack
2) Dehydration
3) Hemorrhage
4) Kidney damage
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The nurse is providing care to an older adult patient who is receiving intravenous (IV) fluids at 150 mL/hr. The patient is currently exhibiting crackles in the lungs, shortness of breath, and jugular vein distention. Which complication of IV fluid therapy does the nurse suspect the patient is experiencing?
1) Speed shock
2) Fluid volume excess NURSINGKING.COM
3) Anaphylactic reaction
4) Pulmonary embolism
2
A patient is prescribed 20 mEq of potassium chloride due to excessive vomiting. Which is the rationale for this drug the nurse should provide to the patient?
1) It controls and regulates water balance in the body.
2) It is used in the body to synthesize ingested protein.
3) It is vital in regulating muscle contraction and relaxation.
4) It is needed to maintain skeletal, cardiac, and neuromuscular activity.
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Which data collected by the nurse during the assessment process places the older adult patient at risk for dehydration?
1) Poor skin turgor
2) Body mass index of 20.5
3) Blood pressure of 140/98 mmHg
4) Water intake of 2 glasses per day
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The nurse is reviewing laboratory values for a female patient suspected of having a fluid imbalance. Which laboratory value evaluated by the nurse supports the diagnosis of dehydration?
1) Hematocrit 30%
2) Hematocrit 53%
3) Serum potassium 3.8 mEq/L
4) Serum osmolality 230 mOsm/kg
2
The nurse is analyzing the intake and output record for a patient being treated for dehydration. The patient weighs 176 lbs. and had a 24-hour intake of 2,000 mL and urine output of 1,200 mL. Based on this data, which conclusion by the nurse is the most appropriate?
1) Treatment has not been effective.
2) Treatment needs to include a diuretic.
3) Treatment is effective and should continue.
4) Treatment has been effective and should end.
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The nurse is providing care to a patient who seeks emergency treatment for headache and nausea. The patient works in a mill without air conditioning. The patient states, “I drink water several times each day but I seem to sweat more than I am able to replace.” Which suggestions should the nurse provide to this patient?
1) Drink juices and carbonated sodas.
2) Eat something salty when drinking water.
3) Eat something sweet when drinking water.
4) Double the amount of water being ingested.
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An older adult patient, who lives in a long-term care facility, presents in the emergency department (ED) due to fever, nausea, and vomiting over the past two days. The patient denies thirst. The urine dipstick indicates a decreased urine specific gravity. Which medical diagnosis should the nurse anticipate when planning care for this patient?
1) Dehydration
2) Hypertension
3) Fluid overload
4) Congestive heart failure
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The nurse receives shift report on a pediatric medical-surgical unit. The nurse has been assigned four patients
for the shift. Which child does the nurse plan to assess first based on the increased risk for dehydration?
1) A 4-year-old child with a broken leg
2) A 15-month-old child with tachypnea
3) A 16-year-old child with migraine headaches
4) A 10-year-old child with cellulitis of the left leg
2
The nurse is teaching a group of children and their parents about the prevention of heat-related illness during exercise. Which statement by a parent indicates an appropriate understanding of the preventive techniques taught during the teaching session?
1) “My child only needs to hydrate at the end of an exercise session.”
2) “Water is the drink of choice to replenish fluids that are lost during exercise.”
3) “I will have my child stop every 15-20 minutes during the activity for fluids.”
4) “It is important for my child to wear dark clothing while exercising in the heat.”
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