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T1 - Dani's HOH > HOH - History of Western Medicine > Flashcards

HOH - History of Western Medicine Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

who were the fore-runners of todays skilled surgeons?

A

Medieval barbers

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2
Q

who laid the foundatioins for modern diagnostic techniques?

A

the ancient greeks

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3
Q

who was the first to perform dissections of human body to learn how it works?

A

Leonardo da Vinci

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4
Q

8000 BC =

A

Prehistoric Medicine

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5
Q

2000BC

A

Ancient Egyptian Medicine

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6
Q

400BC-300AD

A

Greeks and romans

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7
Q

500-1400

A

middle ages

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8
Q

700-1500

A

Arabic Medicine

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9
Q

1400-1700

A

the renaissance

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10
Q

1700-1900

A

18th and 19th centuries

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11
Q

1900-2000

A

20th century

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12
Q

2000-2010

A

21st century

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13
Q

cave paintings and symbolic artefacts suggest the earliest humans believed in

A

spirits and supernatural forces

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14
Q

the first doctors were specialized individuals who were thought to be able to contact the spirit world and seek their guidance when they entered mysterious trances and would call upon the spirits to bring good hunting or heal the sick

A

shamen

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15
Q

8000 BC - Prehisoric Medicine: used to dispense the first medicines as they knew eating ___ ___ could treat sickness

A

special plants

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16
Q

8000BC: prehistoric medicine - holes in the skull to allow the spirits to leave a sick person

A

trepanning

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17
Q

8000BC: prehistoric medicine - trepanning was prevalent in the

A

south pacific, europe, north and south america

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18
Q

2000BC: egyptian medicine - the ____ ____ was believed to cause or cure diseases and priests played a large part in egyptian medicine

A

goddess Sekhmet

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19
Q

2000BC: egyptian medicine - healing was dominated by ____ ____

A

religious beliefs

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20
Q

2000BC: egyptian medicine - doctors were often ____ who communicated with the Gods and spirits

A

Gods

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21
Q

2000BC: egyptian medicine - ointments, inhalers, pills, potions were made using ___ material

A

plant

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22
Q

2000BC: egyptian medicine - the one who walked in peace

A

imhotep

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23
Q

2000BC: egyptian medicine - medical papers were found on this type of paper

A

papyrus

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24
Q

2000BC: egyptian medicine - detailed records of the symptoms and treatments of illnesses and can be called th ___ ___ ___

A

first medical textbooks

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25
2000BC: egyptian medicine - embalmers removed body organs and carefully preserved them in jars and buried with ____ bodies
mummified
26
2000BC: egyptian medicine - mummification indicated that they had detailed ____ of the internal structure of the body
knowledge
27
400BC to 300AD: Greeks and romans - god of disease and healing
apollo
28
400BC to 300AD: Greeks and romans - fifth century replaced by
asclepius
29
400BC to 300AD: Greeks and romans - symbols of medical profession
staff and holy snake
30
400BC to 300AD: Greeks and romans - greek physicians are more ____ and so leart through apprenticeship to a master
craftsmen
31
the most famous greek philosopher and is the father of modern medicine
Hippocrates
32
the first to attempt to separate the practice of medicine rom religion and superstition
Hippocrates
33
he emphasized familiarity not only with the patients symptoms, but also with the season of the year and the patients living conditions, diet fluid intake, and exercise habits
Hippocrates
34
four humours
blood, phlegm, black bile, yellow bile
35
this gave a person a lively personality and lots of energy. they would enjoy life and the arts
blood
36
this made a person feel lethargic or have a dull personality
phlegm
37
this caused depression and sadness
black bile
38
this influenced a persons temperament, it caused anger and fiery
yellow bile
39
physis -
nature
40
observation of the disease process instead of the disease cause = ____ and _____
inspection and palpation
41
a treatise on Hippocratic treatments and is a collection of several books
Corpus Hippocraticum
42
a greek physician who emigrated to Rome and become the principal doctor to many gladiators
Galen
43
one of the first physicians to use animal dissections to understand the human body
Galen
44
romans were the first to realize the ___ ____ _____ by linking dirt and disease
importance of hygiene
45
500-1400AD: Middle Ages - ____ ___ collapsed and ___ ___ practices lost
Roman Empire; public hygiene
46
500-1400AD: Middle Ages also called
the dark ages
47
500-1400AD: Middle Ages - more emphysis on ___ for healing
religion
48
500-1400AD: Middle Ages - herbal remedies banned as ____
witchcraft
49
500-1400AD: Middle Ages - surgery was crude and ____ was used as anesthetic
opium
50
500-1400AD: Middle Ages - in ____, outbreak of bubonic plague
1347
51
500-1400AD: Middle Ages - _____ had the power to heal by touching the sufferers
royalty
52
700-1500AD: Arabic - treated all :
universal health care
53
700-1500AD: Arabic - author of the laws of medicine and was completed around ____AD and translated into latin the __th century
Ali al-Husayn Abd Allah Ibn Sina (Avicenna); 1030; 12
54
Canon of Medicine by Avicenna contained five books:
formulation of medicines, diagnosis of disorders, general medicine, detailed therapies
55
Canon of Medicine - ____ _____ became skilled in the formulation of medicines from plants and minerals
arabic pharmacists
56
700-1500AD: Arabic - used ____ soaked in narcotics as early anesthetics
sponges
57
1400-1700AD: renaissance - ___ ___ theory dominated in diagnosis and treatment of diseases
four humour
58
who were the two doctors who mastered anatomy?
Andreas Versalius and Leonardo Da Vinci
59
the development of university medicine first occured in northern italy in the wealthy towns of ____ and ____, then in _____ and ___
Bologna and Padua; France; England
60
1400-1700AD: renaissance - ___ ___'s circulation theory was published in 1628
William Harveys
61
1400-1700AD: renaissance - new medicines
quinine and tobacco leaves
62
1400-1700AD: renaissance - new diseases
bubonic plague, small pox
63
1400-1700AD: renaissance - _____ was used to arrest bleeding
cauterization
64
1700-1900AD: 18th & 19th century - Vaccinations in ___ by ___ ___
1796; edward jenner
65
1700-1900AD: 18th & 19th century - x-rays in ___ by ____
1895; Roentgen
66
1700-1900AD: 18th & 19th century - a dutch clockmaker, made the first ____
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek; microscope
67
1700-1900AD: 18th & 19th century - germs and microorganisms, microbio
Louis Pasteur
68
1700-1900AD: 18th & 19th century - importance of hygiene
Florence Nightingale
69
1700-1900AD: 18th & 19th century - choloroform and cocaine
anesthetics
70
1700-1900AD: 18th & 19th century - brought the mortality rate down to 4% from 60%
joseph lister; antiseptics
71
1900-2000: 20th century - three people who found penicillin
fleming, florey and chain
72
1900-2000: 20th century - two who found insulin
banting and best
73
1900-2000: 20th century - first heart transplant done by ______ in ____
Dr. Christian Bearnard; 1967
74
1900-2000: 20th century - first birth after IVF in ___ on _____ __th
1978; July 28th
75
1900-2000: 20th century - 3 disease that still remain in thrist world countries and are taking away many lives
malaria, cholera, tuberculosis
76
20th and 21st century - medicines
antiseptics, antibiotics, antipileptics, antipsychotics, chemotherapies, monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, biologic agents, aspirin, blood transfusions and blood banks
77
20th and 21st century - evaluative procedures
electron microscope, CT scans, MRI scans, MRA scans, pet scans, functional MRI. the human genome, genetic testing, genetic enzyme replacements therapy
78
the future of medicine should be a balance between the ___ of medicine and ____
art; science/technology

T1 - Dani's HOH (5 decks)

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