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Coasts > Holderness > Flashcards

Holderness Flashcards

1
Q

Where is Holderness?

A

North east

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2
Q

What is the geology like at Holderness?

A

has boulder clay which is rapidly eroding
also has chalk which is more resistant

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3
Q

Why is the area so vulnerable to erosion?

A

strong prevailing winds (due to large fetch) lead to longshore drift
soft boulder clay that erodes rapidly when saturated

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4
Q

Where can hard engineering be seen along the coastline at Holderness?

A

Hornsea, Mappleton

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5
Q

How much did the sea defences cost in Mappleton (1991)?

A

£1.9mil

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6
Q

What is a benefit of the management at Mappleton?

A

allows mortgages and protects jobs

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7
Q

What is a negative impact of the management at Mappleton?

A

exacerbates erosion further down the coast, may damage the SSSI Spurn Point

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8
Q

Why did mappleton need sea defences?

A

main road was close to sea and at risk of eroding

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9
Q

What management is occuring at mappleton?

A

rock groynes, vegetation to stabilise cliffs (mass movement)

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10
Q

What is the rate of erosion at Mappleton?

A

2.0m per year

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11
Q

What support is available to residents at Holderness?

A

limited financial assistance and advice
relocation and adaption packages
up to £1000

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12
Q

Describe the 4 step processes acting on the boulder clay cliffs at Holderness

A
  1. cliffs become saturated
  2. cliff is weakened and falls
  3. reduces cliff angle which reduces erosion
  4. material transported away (LSD) so cycle begins again
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13
Q

What are 3 impacts of coastal erosion b the Holderness coast?

A
  • loss of access to roads (mappleton)
  • Hornsea Mere and Spurn Point are SSSI
  • property value decreasing
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14
Q

How far is the road at Mappleton from the cliff edge?

A

50m

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15
Q

What area to the south of Mappleton is impacted by the coastal management there?

A

Aldborough

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16
Q

What settlement was lost due to erosion?

A

Kilnsea

17
Q

What hotel at Scarborough collapsed in 1993?

A

Holbeck Hall

18
Q

How long is the sea wall at Bridlington?

A

4.7km

19
Q

How much funding was provided by the EU in 1991 to protect the road?

A

£2.1 million

20
Q

How long is the fetch of waves reaching the Holderness coastline?

A

500-800 km

21
Q

How many villages have been lost since roman times?

A

23

22
Q

When was spit protection abandoned?

A

1995

23
Q

What % of the UKs gas comes from Easington gas works?

A

25%

24
Q

How is positive feedback impacting Holderness?

A
  • erosion likely to worsen
  • which leaves the coastline more exposed to high energy waves
  • meaning more erosion
  • so management has been put in place to protect communities
25
Q

Where is the SMP that includes Holderness?

A

Holderness to Gibraltar point

26
Q

What are the SMPs decision for:
- chalk cliffs
- Holderness cliffs?

A
  • allow natural processes
  • allow processes along the frontage, protect Bridlington, Withernsea and Hornsea as well as Mappleton and Easington
27
Q

What are the SMPs decision for:
- Spurn head
- Humber estuary?

A
  • allow it to develop with limited intervention
  • sustainable flood protection
28
Q

What ICZM covers Holderness?

A

East Riding ICZM

29
Q

How is the East Riding ICZM different to the Holderness to humber estuary SMP?

A
  • more holistic
    covers these functions:
  • Tourism and recreation
  • Urbanisation
  • Fishing and aquaculture
  • Agriculture and forestry
  • Industry energy and transport
  • Nature and conservation
30
Q

Which is the main management in holderness?

A

the SMP has overtaken the ICZM, although some policies still used and relevant

31
Q

How much was spent on revetments to protect the Easington gas works?

A

£4.5 million

32
Q

What management has occured at Withernsea and how much did it cost?

A
  • recurved wall
  • riprap
  • beach nourishment
  • £6.3 million

Coasts (12 decks)

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