Holderness Flashcards
(22 cards)
How long is the holderness coastline
61km stretching from flamborough head to spurn head
Within this subcell, what is the main input
Erosion of the weak and unconsolidated till cliffs
What happens to the coarse material which has been eroded
Moves southwards as a transfer involving long shore drift
What is flamborough head made out of
Chalk - a relatively resistant rock forms a headland
Direction of fetch
From the north east - in direction with prevailing winds
How do storm surges occur
Occasionally, areas of extremely low pressure move down the North Sea, funnelling water and creating storm surges several metres high. These low - frequency, high magnitude events can lead to significant erosion and flooding - in 1953 more than 300 people died on east coast
Chalk
Vertical cracks run through chalk ( joints ). In some places whole sections of chalk have been displaced along lines called faults. These joints and faults are weaknesses in the chalk, which are readily exploited by the process of weathering and erosion
What happens to waves at flamborough head
Bent or refracted by headland. The headlands bare the full force of the incoming waves.
Between Bridlington and spurn head, how much land has retreated
5km since roman times
How much erosion a year
1M
What is the main negative feedback system
Although erosion creates threats, it does generate a vast amount of sediment that feeds the sediment cell. Coarse sediment which travels via long shore drift southwards builds up beaches and spits ( spurn head ) reducing erosion
What towns does spurn head spit protect
Towns bordering the river Humber like hull
Why and when were groynes and revetments put in place to stabilise spurn head spit
Following a massive breach in 1849, groynes and revetments were erected to stabilise spit
When did the latest tidal surge hit
2013, sea defences couldn’t cope
What is managed realignment
This involves deliberately allowing the coastline to erode in certain areas and creating new areas of deposition to act as a buffer against erosion and flooding
Success of SMP managed realignement
The spurn head managed realignment project - implemented as part of the SMP, has successfully created a new salt marsh and mudflats habitat behind spit. The project involved breaching the existing sea wall
What is hold the line
Maintaining coastal defences such as sea walls and groynes
Hold the line e.g
The SMP withernsea coastal defence scheme has successfully reduced the risk of flooding and erosion in this vulnerable area by constructing a new rock revetment, a concrete wave wall
Failure of SMP
- high erosion at skip sea
Challenged for SMP
-local opposition
-climate change
-funding
-monitoring and maintainence
What is the ICZM
An integrated coastal management approach has been adopted to manage the coast. They work with key stakeholders ( community ) and take a hollistic approach
ICZM example
- the holderness coast conservation group ( HCCG ) is a community lead organisation that aims to engage local residents and visitors in the management of the Holderness coast. The HCCG organises a range of activities including guided walks, beach cleanup and educational events to raise awareness of the challenges facing the coastline and encourages people to get involved in local conservation efforts.
