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Holocaust Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Holocaust definition

A

Greek word for “sufferings by burning in fire

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2
Q

Jewish word in place of Holocaust

A

Shoah meaning “catastrophe”

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3
Q

When did the Nazi government take power

A

1933 by Adolf Hitler

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4
Q

Basic Nazi ideology

A

Jewish are inferior to non Jews, German people were the Master race

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5
Q

Untermenschen

A

Nazi labelled Jews as, meaning “Below human”

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6
Q

Ubermenschen

A

Nazi labelled Germans as, meaning Super human

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7
Q

Aryan

A

A race concept describing people who decent from Viking heritage, tall in stature and blonde and blue eyes

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8
Q

Nazis labelled as inferior

A

“Gypsies”, mentally and physically disable, Slavic people, communists, gays, and Jehovah witness religion, and union workers

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9
Q

2 kinds of camps

A

Concentration and Extermination camps

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10
Q

Concentration camp use

A

Slave labour for nazi war effort, to sell to private factories

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11
Q

Extermination camp use

A

To exterminate “undesirables” commonly know via gas chambers

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12
Q

Where were the death camps located

A

Not on German soil as they were illegal camps, they were built in Poland

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13
Q

6 Death camps what are their names!!

A

Auschwitz
Chelmno
Sobibor
Treblinka
Majdanek
Belzek

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14
Q

Crematorium

A

Special heat ovens to burn a body to ashes in 10-15 mins

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15
Q

Antisemitism

A

Hatred of Jewish people

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16
Q

Stab in the back theory

A

Hitler needed an enemy to blame for germanys loss in WWI. Hitler built the lie that Germany never lost and were stabbed in the back by the Jews and traitorous weak politicians

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17
Q

The poisonous mushroom

A

A Germans children book for children to push for nazi ideology and antisemitism

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18
Q

Joseph Goebbels

A

The minister of propaganda, used posters, newspapers, radios, street demonstrations to spread propaganda. Used position to persuade Germans to hate Jews

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19
Q

2 types of poster

A

Antisemitic and Pro-Aryan

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20
Q

Leni Riefenstahl

A

Hurlers filmmaker, hired to create propaganda movies for Nazi gov. Most famous movie filmed in Nuremberg showing the annual Nazi rally every summer. She denies helping Hitler stating “I’m just a filmmaker”

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21
Q

2 diseases in camp

A

Cholera - spread by contaminated water. Typhus - spread by lice biting into your flesh

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22
Q

3 problems phase one had

A
  1. Shootings up close and personal leading mentally unwell soldiers
  2. Bullets cost too much
  3. Burying bodies contaminated water
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23
Q

3 problems answer

A

Kill huge number of victims in gas chambers and cremate their remains

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24
Q

Why were gas chambers a better option

A

Chemicals were cheap, soldiers were far from the killing, bodies did not need burying

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25
People who were sent to death camps were:
Older, unhealthy, women with infants as they would not be great for slave labour
26
Victims were lied ti
Sign out front “Arbeit macht fre” meaning “work will make you free. Told they were going to the showers and were led to gas chambers so they wouldn’t panic
27
Zyklon-B
A chemical used as rat poison would be poured through a tube in the roof of the gas chambers which would mix with oxygen to become a poisonous gas
28
Sonderkommandos
Jewish prisoners who were selected by SS guards to assist the Nazis in the murder process in exchange for special privileges. Only lived for a few months
29
Sonderkommandos job
Cut hair of prisoners to sell to shoe factories. Took bodies to elevator to where crematoriums are. Took out teeth with gold fillings to make into gold bars.
30
Nazi medical experiments
Put prisoners in bath of ice to see when they would die of hypothermia. Took out organs to see how long they’d survive. Injected patients with unknown chemicals Sewed two children together to see if they could live as Siamese twins. Female Jewish workers were sterilized.prisoners put in high pressure chambers to see if they could survive a plane crash
31
Dr. Josef Mengle
Conducted illegal medical experiments. Escaped after WWII
32
What happened in 1945
The war was coming to an end and was ordered to destroy all the evidence. Death marches and cut off water supply. Allied powers came in too fast though and caught them
33
Allied powers
USA, Canada, Britain, USSR
34
Nuremberg trials
The trials for the 177 nazis captured. Allied forces appointed 3 judges US one Britain one Russian one
35
Trialed for 2 crimes
War crimes Genocide
36
Hermann Goering
Hitler stop advisor “economic minister” then became “Air force leader (Riefenstahl)
37
What did Goering defend and what was the gods response
“This was a war and you just follow orders” “Soldiers need to disobey illegal orders”
38
Executioner
John woods, botched many hangings and was obviously not a real executioner
39
Executions
Almost all botched, Julius streicher botched so bad he had to be taken down and strangled.
40
Julius Streicher
Editor of Dir Stiirmer Nazi newspaper Poisonous mush room Convicted as participating in a genocide by creating hateful propaganda
41
Why was the Allied forces so careful in the crimes they charged
Because it was a war and so they only charged with crimes they actually commitex
42
How did Goering die
Was to be hanged after being found guilty but committed suicide
43
Where did Nazis put the Jews and why
Put Jews in fenced off neighbourhoods called ghettos to help control them and round them up
44
Why were camps always next to railroads
To make the transportation very easy and efficient
45
The Evian Conference
1932, when Nazis began terrorizing Jews, the us president rounded up 32 countries in hopes of opening up borders to refugees. No one did
46
1939 German Jews escape
Ship went across Atlantic Ocean. Was turned down at Cuba Was turned down at US Was turned down at Canada Forced to return to their country
47
Kristallnacht
“Night of crystal (glass)” 1938, Hitler got mad a Jew killed their officer. Planned to allow German mobs to riot and destroy Jewish businesses
48
Herschel Gyrnszpan
A Jew teen from France that killed a Nazi officer for not allowing their family into France
49
Why was Kristallnacht important
It showed Jews that they were being targeted for a genocide
50
Nuremberg laws
1935, Hitler passed a series of laws. Stripped Jews of their citizenship and rights Prohibited Jews from marrying Germans Forced Jew teachers , lawyers and doctors to quit their job Jews forced to wear Star of David Jew businesses forced into German ownership Jews had to have a red “J” stamped on their passport
51
Wannasee conference
1942, 15 top Nazi officials discussed the plan of the final solution
52
Aktion T-4/Euthanasia
Nazi gov believed physically or mentally I’ll people were making Germany weak Crippled Down syndrome Epilepsy Schizo Doctors ordered to inject people with poison to murder them Notified families with letters of their passing
53
Another way they tried to kill people
Use gas vans, the tail pipe inside to pour in fumes when driven around to kill them The people would vomit and defecate Too much trouble
54
Einsatzgruppen (killing squads)
Before gas chambers, there were killing squads They woudl round up undesirables
55
4 mobile killing Squads
Operated mostly in Soviet Union Baltic région of Lithuania Estonia and Latvia Poland
56
What did the killing squads do
Killed undesirables in the forest Victims dug a pit and stood in front of them while they were shot point blank
57
SS soldiers (Shutzstaffel)
Hurlers personal guards Put in charge of the 2 kinds of camp Wore black uniforms and death head insignia
58
Selection did what
Doctors looked for Not sick No coughing Good muscle bone Not too old Etc If you had any of these things you were pointed for special treatment (gas chambers)
59
Camp conditions
Slept in barracks Giant outdoor pits for washrooms Diseas spread Overcrowded Minimal food Not enough protein, fresh vegetable, no vitamins Soup with no meat Food often spoiled
60
Heinrich Himmler
Leader of SS In charge of camps Committed suicide
61
Reinhard Heydrich
Head of Nazi intelligence agency In charge of planning Kristallnacht Top decision maker
62
Adolf eichman
Rank in SS Present at Wannsee conference Planned how to transport Jews Escaped arrest to Argentina but was killed by Israeli gov
63
Us general Dwight D Eisenhower
Visited Nazis camps and was so disgusted he recorded and photographed everything Made nearby town people look at it
64
Oskar Groning
Came forth many years later at 93 to speak against Holocaust deniers saying he saw the crematoriums and gas chambers
65
Oskar groning convixted of
For the death as an accessory to murder to 300000 people Being responsible for counting banknotes confiscated from prisoners Allege he hid victims luggage to hide victims fate
66
Jews throughout history blamed for
Any natural disaster Conspiracy with the devil Black Death and poisoning wells Using non Jewish victims in Jewish rituals Treason and treachery (death of Jesus) Stabbing Germany in the back Being a demonic force that poisoned the world with conflicting ideas such as exploitative capitalism and communism
67
Repeatedly accused of
Caring only about money Conspiracy Plotting to take over the world
68
How did Germany accept antisemitism
Pushed in media’s Propaganda everywhere appeared everyone agreed with it Everyone needed something to blend for their life being bad

Genocide - holocaust (1 decks)

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