Holocaust Short Answers Flashcards
(15 cards)
What Happened during Pogroms?
During pogroms, Jewish communities were violently attacked, with homes and synagogues destroyed, people beaten or killed, and little to no intervention from authorities.
In Tsarist Russia, why was there violence against Jews?
In Tsarist Russia, violence against Jews occurred due to widespread antisemitism, scapegoating, and false accusations like the blood libel, often fueled by political and social unrest.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, how did Anti-Semitism in Western Europe influence Russians?
In the 18th and 19th centuries, anti-Semitic ideologies from Western Europe, such as portraying Jews as outsiders or threats to society, spread to Russia and helped justify restrictive laws, segregation, and violent pogroms against Jewish communities.
What happened on Kristallnacht?
Why is it considered a pogrom?
On Kristallnacht, Nazis destroyed Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues across Germany and Austria, arresting thousands of Jews, making it a pogrom because it was a state-orchestrated, violent attack targeting Jews.
Describe the Warsaw Ghetto uprising.
How long did it last for?
The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising was a Jewish resistance against Nazi efforts to deport ghetto residents to death camps, lasting from April 19 to May 16, 1943.
Describe the work of the Einstazgruppen
The Einsatzgruppen were Nazi mobile killing squads that followed the German army into Eastern Europe, rounding up and massacring Jews, Roma, and other targeted groups, often by mass shootings.
Approximately how many people were killed by the Einsatzgruppen?
Approximately 1.5 million people, primarily Jews, through mass shootings and other forms of execution
How many Jews were murdered in the Holocaust?
Non-Jews?
Total Number?
6 Million Jews
5 Million Non-Jews
11 Million in total
Describe the selection process at Auschwitz
The selection process involved Nazi doctors and officers deciding who would be sent to forced labor and who would be immediately sent to the gas chambers, with those deemed “unfit” or “elderly” often murdered on the spot.
Maps: Which country had the WORST death camps?
Poland had the worst death camps during the Holocaust, including Auschwitz-Birkenau, Treblinka, Sobibor, and Belzec.
How are Stanton’s sages of Genocide applied to the Holocaust?
Classification: Jews and other groups were classified as “inferior” by the Nazis, distinguishing them from the “Aryan” race.
Symbolization: Jews were marked with the yellow Star of David, and other groups were similarly branded (e.g., Roma with triangles).
Discrimination: Laws like the Nuremberg Laws legally discriminated against Jews, denying them rights and freedoms.
Dehumanization: Jews were portrayed as vermin or parasites, stripping them of human dignity and justifying violence.
Organization: The Nazi regime organized military and paramilitary groups (SS, Einsatzgruppen) to carry out mass murders.
Polarization: Anti-Semitic propaganda further divided society, making it easier to incite hatred and violence.
Preparation: Jews were forcibly relocated to ghettos and concentration camps, preparing for mass extermination.
Persecution: Jews and other targeted groups were systematically oppressed, subjected to violence, forced labor, and medical experiments.
Extermination: The systematic mass murder of Jews and others, notably through gas chambers, shootings, and starvation in death camps.
Denial: After the war, many Nazis and collaborators denied or minimized their role in the genocide, and attempts were made to cover up the extent of the atrocities.
Who were the “Liberators”?
What conditions did they see in the camps?
The liberators were Allied soldiers (American, Soviet, and English) who freed concentration camp prisoners in 1944-1945, encountering shocking conditions such as starving survivors, piles of corpses, and evidence of mass extermination.
What were the harsh lessons learned by the liberators when treating former camp inmates?
The harsh lessons learned by the liberators included the realization that many former camp inmates were physically and mentally broken, requiring not only medical care but also psychological support.
Which countries controlled the trials at Nuremberg?
The United States, Soviet Union, United Kingdom, and France
How were the Nuremberg trials unique?
First international military tribunals to prosecute individuals for crimes against humanity, war crimes, and Crimes against Peace, and they applied the laws of the United States, Soviet Union, United Kingdom, and France
