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PHAR154 > Home Health Care > Flashcards

Home Health Care Flashcards

1
Q

What is sleep apnea?

A

sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts
soft tissue at back of throat starts to flap and fold over trachea

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2
Q

What are symptoms of sleep apnea?

A

loud snoring
episodes in which you stop breathing during sleep
gasping for air during sleep
awakening with dry mouth

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3
Q

True or false: everyone who has sleep apnea snores

A

false

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4
Q

What is a device used for sleep apnea?

A

CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure)

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5
Q

Are there any good OTC products for sleep apnea?

A

none are good

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6
Q

Describe the graduated compression of support hosiery.

A

greatest compression at ankle
lower compression at top of sleeve
its a gradient to push blood up towards the heart

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7
Q

What is a major use for compression socks?

A

varicose veins or DVT prevention

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8
Q

What pressure of compression socks need a prescription?

A

> 20mmHg

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9
Q

What time of day should you take leg measurements for compression socks?

A

in the morning

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10
Q

What are uses of the following strengths of compression socks?
20-30mmHg
30-40mmHg
40-50mmHg

A

20-30mmHg:
-MD involvement
-tired, aching legs
-mild varicose veins
30-40mmHg:
-edema
-severe varicose
40-50mmHg:
-more serious situations

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11
Q

Will hamamelis water astringe a varicose vein?

A

no chance

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12
Q

Is Venixxa good for varicose veins?

A

nope

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13
Q

Are flight socks needed for a plane ride?

A

its likely enough to just move your legs during flight

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14
Q

When are flight socks maybe of value?

A

flights > 6hr + patient has at least 1 CV risk factor

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15
Q

True or false: institutional care is relatively affordable

A

false
very expensive

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16
Q

What are some locations in Saskatchewan that sell home medical equipment?

A

Schaan Health Products
Nordon Drugs

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17
Q

How do you pick out a proper height for a cane?

A

height of cane handle should align with your wrist while standing erect with your arm at your side

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18
Q

How far should the underarm supports of crutches be from the your armpit?

A

2 inches (5cm)

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19
Q

How common is urinary incontinence in Canada?

A

3.3 million Canadians affected

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20
Q

True or false: urinary incontinence is a normal part of aging

A

false

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21
Q

What are the most common types of urinary incontinence in women?

A

stress
urge
mixed

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22
Q

What proportion of incontinence cases are stress incontinence?

A

50%

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23
Q

True or false: stress incontinence is more common in women

A

true

24
Q

What causes stress incontinence?

A

bladder weakness or sudden increase in abdominal pressure
-coughing, laughing, sneezing, lifting

25
Q

What are the factors that affect stress incontinence in women?

A

pregnancy
menopause

26
Q

What are the approaches to stress incontinence in women?

A

pelvic floor muscle exercises (Kegel)
biofeedback
intra-vaginal devices
surgical options

27
Q

Describe the surgical option for stress incontinence in women.

A

sling providing support to the weakened urethral muscles to try lessen incontinence

28
Q

How do Poise Bladder Supports work?

A

non-absorbable piece of plastic material that supports the urethra
helps prevent leaks while using bathroom normally
used for stress incontinence

29
Q

Are Poise Bladder Supports used for urge urinary incontinence?

A

no they are for stress incontinence
Not for mixed incontinence either

30
Q

How does the sizing kit work for Poise Bladder Supports?

A

use size 1 first, if no urinary leakage then use this size
try size 2 or 3 if there is leakage

31
Q

How long can Poise Bladder Supports be used per day?

A

12 hours (day or night)

32
Q

When should Poise Bladder Supports not be worn?

A

while on your period

33
Q

What is a cause of stress incontinence in men?

A

post-prostate surgery

34
Q

What is urge incontinence?

A

overactive bladder
detrusor muscle contracts before it should

35
Q

What are the factors that contribute to urge incontinence?

A

no cause found in most cases
UTIs
stroke, Parkinsons, diabetes

36
Q

What are the approaches to urge incontinence?

A

anti-spasmodics
bladder training/Kegel

37
Q

What is overflow retention?

A

urinary retention
bladder is always full
leakage seen without urge to urinate

38
Q

True or false: women are affected by urinary retention more than men

A

false
men>women

39
Q

Why are men affected by urinary retention more than women?

A

prostate enlargement
diabetic neuropathy

40
Q

What are the approaches to urinary retention?

A

smooth muscle stimulants
tamsulosin
finasteride
surgery

41
Q

What is the MOA of finasteride?

A

inhibits 5a reductase
-reduces conversion of testosterone to DHT
=taking pressure off the prostate

42
Q

What is the MOA of tamsulosin?

A

a1 adregeneric antagonist
-taking pressure off the prostate

43
Q

Why is it important to know the pharmacology of finasteride and tamsulosin on an OTC level?

A

oral decongestants can worsen urinary retention
-they are a1 agonists

44
Q

True or false: diphenhydramine and amitriptyline are anti-cholinergic

A

true

45
Q

On a urinary level, what is the use of anti-cholinergics?

A

helps overactive bladder (urge incontinence)

46
Q

On a urinary level, what can anti-cholinergics worsen?

A

overflow retention (urinary retention)
-decreased bladder contractions

47
Q

What is the use of oxybutynin?

A

urge incontinence (overactive bladder)

48
Q

What is a CI of oxybutynin?

A

urinary retention

49
Q

What is a colostomy?

A

portion of colon removed
-more distal (descending colon)

50
Q

What is a ileostomy?

A

entire colon removed
-leaky fluids comes with this

51
Q

True or false: there is saline in nasal aspirators

A

false
just air

52
Q

Would a nasal aspirator be better for a runny nose or booger nose?

A

runny nose
can maybe try loosen booger nose with saline and then use aspirator

53
Q

What are nasal lubricants for?

A

soothing nasal tissue (saline + lubricant)
not for rinsing out nose

54
Q

Is warm or cold air better for vaporizers/humidifiers?

A

doesnt matter

55
Q

True or false: heat is applied to acute injury

A

false
ice for acute injury, heat for chronic injury

56
Q

What is the RICE model shifting towards?

A

rest moving towards movement
-gentle range of motion
ice likely not great
-need inflammation for joint-remodeling
-also puts NSAIDs into question

57
Q

How long can one Oxytrol patch be worn? What is the use of this product?

A

4 days
overactive bladder, used to be OTC in the USA

PHAR154 (18 decks)

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