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Biology > Homeostasis > Flashcards

Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the metabolism?

A

All the chemical reactions inside the cells of an organism

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2
Q

What are hormones?

A

A chemical messenger carried by blood around the body. This is a lot slower

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3
Q

Where are hormones produced?

A

In the endocrine glands

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4
Q

Which hormone regulates sugar?

A

Insulin

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5
Q

What does glucose do for cells?

A

It allows them to respire

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6
Q

Where is insulin produced?

A

By the pancreas

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7
Q

Admire this please

A
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8
Q

What happens when there are overly high levels of glucose

A

Glucose is stored as glycogen and normal levels are restored because insulin is released by the pancreas

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9
Q

How is homeostasis control achieved?

A

Using negative feedback mechanisms

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10
Q

Define negative feedback mechanism

A

A mechanism to lower raised levels of something, and to increase reduced levels

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11
Q

What does glucagon do?

A

It dissolves glycogen into glucose

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12
Q

What temperature is the body maintained at?

A

37 degrees, the temperature where the body’s enzymes work best

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13
Q

What happens to hairs when the body is too cold

A

They stand up

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14
Q

What muscle makes hair stand up?

A

The hair erector muscle (lol)

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15
Q

What is a response to being too cold?

A

Vasoconstriction

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16
Q

What is vasoconstriction?

A

Blood vessels at the skin surface are narrowed to reduce heat loss through the skin

17
Q

What is vasodilation?

A

The opposite to vasoconstriction (too hot)

18
Q

What are arterioles?

A

A small branch of an artery leading into capillaries

19
Q

What is shivering caused by?

A

Involuntary muscular contractions

20
Q

What happens with sweat?

A

It is produced by sweat glands and travels up the sweat duct and out of the sweat pore

21
Q

What is the purpose of sweat?

A

When it evaporates from skin it takes the heat with it

22
Q

I can’t understand this rn but please appreciate it

A
23
Q

What is a tropism?

A

A plant’s way of growing towards light and water

24
Q

How does the stem respond to light?

A

In a positive phototropism

25
Q

What is the response of plant roots to gravity?

A

A positive geotropism (it grows in the direction of the force of gravity)

26
Q

What is auxin?

A

A family of plant hormones

27
Q

Where are auxins made?

A

In the tips of growing stems and roots

28
Q

What are meristems?

A

A region of plant tissue comprised of actively dividing cells

29
Q

How do auxins move to other part of stems and roots?

A

They diffuse

30
Q

What do auxin do?

A

Change the rate of elongation in plant cells which controls their length

31
Q

How do cells in the stem respond to higher concentrations of auxin?

A

They grow more

32
Q

How do cells in the root respond to higher concentrations of auxin?

A

They grow less

33
Q

Which side of a stem contains more auxins?

A

The shaded one, so it grows more - meaning it bends towards the light

34
Q

What happens if a root is placed horizontally?

A

The bottom side contains more auxin and grows less, causing the root to bend in the direction of the source of gravity

35
Q

How is diabetes treated?

A

By injecting insulin

36
Q

What is type 1 diabetes caused by?

A

Damage to the beta cells in the pancreas, which produce insulin

37
Q

How do people get type 1 diabetes?

A

It is either inherited or caused by some viruses

38
Q

How is type 1 diabetes treated?

A

A low sugar diet, injecting insulin, and sometimes transplanting tissue

39
Q

What is type 2 diabetes caused by?

A

The body becoming resistant to insulin

Biology (10 decks)

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