Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology paper 2 > Homeostasis > Flashcards

Homeostasis Flashcards

(133 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is required for cells to function properly?

A

Certain conditions

This includes maintaining specific levels of temperature and glucose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the body regulate?

A

Everything to keep around the right levels

This includes temperature and glucose levels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the effect of negative feedback?

A

Opposite of change

It helps to decrease levels when they are too high.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define homeostasis.

A

The regulation of conditions inside the body to maintain a stable internal environment

This occurs in response to both internal and external conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Can the body maintain its internal environment despite external changes?

A

Yes

For example, one can maintain internal conditions while running in the snow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What temperature does the body typically regulate to?

A

37°C

This is maintained through various regulatory mechanisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What system sends fast and precise signals to the body?

A

Nervous system

It uses electrical impulses to recognize changes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are automatic control systems responsible for?

A

Recognizing changes and sending signals to reverse them

This allows for quick responses to maintain normal conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the endocrine system release?

A

Hormones into the bloodstream

These hormones only affect certain cells with the right receptors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are receptors responsible for?

A

Detecting a change

They must have the right receptors to respond appropriately.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the two coordination centers in the body?

A

Brain and spinal cord

They interpret changes and decide on necessary actions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the role of effectors?

A

Carry out the change

Examples include muscles contracting or glands releasing hormones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fill in the blank: The nervous system uses _______ impulses to send signals.

A

Electrical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

True or False: The endocrine system provides a faster response than the nervous system.

A

False

The endocrine system’s response is slower, longer lasting, and more generalized.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What systems do we rely on to coordinate behavior?

A

Nervous system and endocrine system

These systems work together to process sensory information and respond to surroundings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the components of the central nervous system?

A

Brain and spinal cord

The central nervous system (CNS) is crucial for processing information and sending responses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What initiates the electrical impulse in a sensory neuron?

A

Receptor cells

Receptor cells detect stimuli and start the process of transmitting signals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a stimulus?

A

Something sharp or any change in the environment

Stimuli can be external or internal factors that provoke a response.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the role of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?

A

They diffuse across the synapse to transmit impulses

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that facilitate communication between nerve cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a synapse?

A

The gap between two nerve cells

Synapses are crucial for transmitting impulses from one neuron to another.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What type of neurons send impulses back out to the body?

A

Motor neurons

Motor neurons carry signals from the CNS to effectors such as muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the function of relay neurons?

A

Transfer signals from sensory neurons to motor neurons

Relay neurons play a key role in processing information within the CNS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a reflex action?

A

An automatic response to a stimulus

Reflex actions are quick and involuntary, allowing for rapid responses to stimuli.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the benefits of having reflexes?

A

Rapid and automatic responses

Reflexes help to protect the body from harm by enabling quick reactions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Fill in the blank: The pathway that carries electrical impulses is called a _______.
Nerve pathway ## Footnote Nerve pathways are essential for transmitting signals throughout the nervous system.
26
What do sensory neurons do?
Carry information from receptors to the CNS ## Footnote Sensory neurons are vital for detecting changes and sending information to the brain.
27
True or False: Reflexes help us to avoid getting hurt.
True ## Footnote Reflexes are designed to protect the body by enabling quick reactions to potentially harmful stimuli.
28
What happens after a sensory neuron is activated?
It sends impulses to the central nervous system ## Footnote This process allows the brain to interpret the stimulus and decide on a response.
29
What is the role of effectors in the nervous system?
Carry out the response to stimuli ## Footnote Effectors can be muscles or glands that respond to signals from the nervous system.
30
What does the endocrine system rely on?
The endocrine system relies on hormones.
31
How do hormones spread throughout the body?
Hormones spread more slowly through the bloodstream.
32
How long do the effects of hormones last?
The effects of hormones last longer than those of the nervous system.
33
What is the master gland of the endocrine system?
The pituitary gland is considered the master gland.
34
What does the pituitary gland control?
The pituitary gland controls levels of TSH, which stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroxine.
35
What are hormones?
Hormones are small chemical molecules that are passed into the blood.
36
What is the role of TSH?
TSH tells the thyroid gland to release thyroxine.
37
What is negative feedback in the endocrine system?
Negative feedback regulates hormone levels.
38
What do receptors in tissues do?
Some tissues have receptors that are specific to certain hormones.
39
What role do hormones play in growth and development?
Hormones play an important role in growth and development.
40
What does thyroxine regulate?
Thyroxine regulates the rate of metabolism.
41
What does the pancreas produce?
The pancreas produces insulin.
42
What do ovaries produce?
Ovaries produce estrogen.
43
What does adrenaline do?
Adrenaline is released in situations where the body has an increased demand for oxygen.
44
What is the function of testosterone?
Testosterone produces the male gamete (sperm) for reproduction.
45
How quickly do nerve impulses act compared to hormones?
Nerve impulses act very fast, while hormones take longer to have an effect.
46
What is the role of sugar in our bloodstream?
Sugar provides a constant supply of glucose used for respiration.
47
What does glucagon do?
Glucagon takes glycogen and breaks it down to increase blood glucose levels.
48
How does the body respond to low glucose levels?
The body detects low glucose levels and secretes glucagon.
49
What happens when blood glucose concentration is too high?
It can start to damage our tissues.
50
How does our body fix high levels of glucose?
Insulin is released into the bloodstream to lower glucose levels.
51
What is blood glucose concentration?
It is how much glucose is dissolved in our blood plasma.
52
What triggers the release of insulin?
An increase in blood glucose concentration detected by the pancreas.
53
Where does insulin bind to lower blood glucose levels?
Insulin binds to receptors on muscle and liver cells.
54
What happens to excess glucose in the blood?
It is taken up by cells and converted into glycogen for long-term storage.
55
Why does blood glucose concentration fluctuate?
The body continuously releases insulin and glucagon to maintain glucose levels.
56
What is insulin?
Insulin is a hormone that our pancreas releases to regulate blood glucose levels.
57
What happens in type 1 diabetes?
In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas stops producing insulin or only makes a tiny amount.
58
What is the main treatment for type 1 diabetes?
The main treatment is to inject insulin.
59
How does insulin affect blood glucose?
Insulin binds to our cells and tells them to absorb excess glucose from the blood.
60
When does type 1 diabetes usually occur?
Type 1 diabetes usually occurs in childhood or teenage years.
61
What can happen if blood glucose levels rise too high?
Excess glucose can make a person feel ill and, in rare cases, can be life-threatening.
62
What is type 2 diabetes?
Type 2 diabetes is a lifelong condition where the body's cells become resistant to insulin.
63
What are common risk factors for type 2 diabetes?
Obesity and unhealthy diets are significant risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes.
64
How does obesity affect insulin production?
Obesity can lead to a high carbohydrate diet, resulting in overproduction of insulin and eventual resistance.
65
What dietary recommendations are there for people with diabetes?
A healthy low sugar diet and regular exercise are recommended for people with diabetes.
66
What happens to glucose in the bloodstream for someone with insulin resistance?
A person with insulin resistance won't take in as much glucose from the bloodstream.
67
What is puberty?
The period in which adolescents start to develop secondary sexual characteristics.
68
What hormone is responsible for facial hair in men?
Testosterone.
69
What hormone is responsible for breast development in women?
Estrogen.
70
What does estrogen do?
Stimulates the uterus lining to grow and increases in stage 2 as the uterus develops.
71
What happens to estrogen levels after the uterus lining is grown?
Estrogen levels fall.
72
What is progesterone?
A hormone also produced in the ovaries that maintains the lining of the uterus.
73
What happens if progesterone levels drop?
The uterus lining breaks down.
74
Describe the female reproductive system.
The uterus is in the middle, with uterus linings around it and ovaries on the outside connected to the uterus through the fallopian tubes.
75
What happens to eggs after ovulation?
They are transported along the fallopian tube to the uterus.
76
What occurs if an egg is fertilized?
It implants into the uterus lining.
77
What is the menstrual cycle?
A cycle that lasts around 28 days, during which the uterus lining builds up and breaks down.
78
What is Luteinising Hormone (LH)?
A hormone that stimulates one of the eggs to mature in one of the ovaries.
79
What is Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)?
A hormone that stimulates the release of an egg and prepares the uterus lining for a fertilized egg.
80
What happens during menstruation?
If there is no fertilized egg, the uterus wall starts to break down.
81
What is the average length of the menstrual cycle?
28 days.
82
What is the significance of day 14 in the menstrual cycle?
It is typically the day of ovulation.
83
What occurs during stage 3 of the menstrual cycle?
Ovulation takes place, involving the release of an egg from the ovaries.
84
What is the role of estrogen during the menstrual cycle?
Estrogen stimulates the growth of the uterus lining.
85
What is puberty?
The period in which adolescents start to develop secondary sexual characteristics.
86
What hormone is responsible for facial hair in men?
Testosterone.
87
What hormone is responsible for breast development in women?
Estrogen.
88
What does estrogen do?
Stimulates the uterus lining to grow and increases in stage 2 as the uterus develops.
89
What happens to estrogen levels after the uterus lining is grown?
Estrogen levels fall.
90
What is progesterone?
A hormone also produced in the ovaries that maintains the lining of the uterus.
91
What happens if progesterone levels drop?
The uterus lining breaks down.
92
Describe the female reproductive system.
The uterus is in the middle, with uterus linings around it and ovaries on the outside connected to the uterus through the fallopian tubes.
93
What happens to eggs after ovulation?
They are transported along the fallopian tube to the uterus.
94
What occurs if an egg is fertilized?
It implants into the uterus lining.
95
What is the menstrual cycle?
A cycle that lasts around 28 days, during which the uterus lining builds up and breaks down.
96
What is Luteinising Hormone (LH)?
A hormone that stimulates one of the eggs to mature in one of the ovaries.
97
What is Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)?
A hormone that stimulates the release of an egg and prepares the uterus lining for a fertilized egg.
98
What happens during menstruation?
If there is no fertilized egg, the uterus wall starts to break down.
99
What is the average length of the menstrual cycle?
28 days.
100
What is the significance of day 14 in the menstrual cycle?
It is typically the day of ovulation.
101
What occurs during stage 3 of the menstrual cycle?
Ovulation takes place, involving the release of an egg from the ovaries.
102
What is the role of estrogen during the menstrual cycle?
Estrogen stimulates the growth of the uterus lining.
103
What is the purpose of stimulating ovaries in women?
To mature an egg.
104
What hormone is given to help mature eggs?
FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone).
105
What happens if a woman has low levels of FSH?
The egg won't mature outside the body.
106
What is injected into the egg cell during in vitro fertilization?
Sperm.
107
What is the process called where sperm is injected directly into an egg?
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
108
What happens to fertilized eggs after collection?
They are placed in an incubator to grow into embryos.
109
What hormone is given to stimulate ovulation?
LH (Luteinizing Hormone).
110
What are the pros of fertility treatments?
They can restore fertility and improve the success rate of IVF.
111
What are the cons of fertility treatments?
They can be stressful, emotionally upsetting, and physically unpleasant.
112
What is a common outcome of multiple embryos being created?
It often leads to multiple births, such as twins or triplets.
113
What ethical concerns are associated with IVF?
The fear of designer babies and the destruction of unused embryos.
114
What are some physical side effects of fertility treatments?
Abdominal pain and vomiting.
115
What can be tested through genetic testing of embryos?
Diseases.
116
00180)
117
normone produced by the
118
adrenal grands
119
4 sit just ontop of
120
Kicineys.
121
O increases neart rate
122
@ Increases blood pressure
123
3
124
Increases blood fiow
125
TO muscles.
126
4 increases brood giucose
127
levers (sugar) by stimuating
128
the liver to break down giycogen
129
ADRENALINE
130
glucose.
131
Adrenaline is
132
produced during
133
"fight or flight response. when you get scared, stressed or need to excercise. TSH: Thuroid Stimulating Hormone. prepares body for aCtury. TSH PITUITARY GLAND produces innibits (tO SHOP /510W down). produced ou the thuroid gland controlled bu negative feedback → if levels get too nigh, it will bring about changes to reduce them. p If leveis become to low, it brings about changes to raisethem up. growH+ development. Stimulates THURO XINE THYROXINE THUROID GLAND Increases your metabolic rate (the rate at which chemical reaction are taming place). • Thuroxine levels are too low produces Pituitary releases TSH -D Stimulatl) thu roid to gianato release more tnuraxine so leveis increaseto normal. 2 Thuroxine levels are too nign: Thuroxine will en inhibit the picitary giand from producing TSH. Less TsH = thuroid gland will not release as much Inu roxine = leveis decreare to normal.

Biology paper 2 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions