Homeostasis and Renal

Question 1

How is heat lost?

Answer 1

Evaporation, radiation, conduction and convection.

Question 2

how can we increase heat production in response to a drop in core temp?

Answer 2

Increase skeletal muscle activity.
Increased shivering and muscle tone. 
Increased muscle usage.
Brown tissue fat.  
Increased thyroid hormone and adrenaline release.

Question 3

functions of renal system?

Answer 3

Regulate blood, pH, pressure, ionic conc. osmolarity, volume.
Ultrafiltration of blood, excretion of waste, produce hormones.

Question 4

what is ultradian?

Answer 4

Cycles which last for less than a day, e.g. neurones firing, 90 min sleep cycle, hunger, attention span.

Question 5

what is infradian?

Answer 5

Cycles last longer than a day e.g. menstrual cycle, hibernation, bird migration.

Question 6

what is a zeitgeber?

Answer 6

a rhythmically occurring natural phenomenon which acts as a cue in the regulation of the body’s circadian rhythms, e.g. meals, temperature, social activity and the tide.

Question 7

what is jet lag?

Answer 7

Internal clock is not adjusted to the environmental clock.e.g. Wiley post flying around world in 8.5 days.

Question 8

what secretes calcitonin?

Answer 8

Parafollicular cells of the Thyroid gland.

Question 9

what secrets PTH?

Answer 9

Parathyroid chief cells.

Question 10

what happens is calcium levels reach too high or too low?

Answer 10

High - kidney stones, vomiting, nausea, decreased neuromuscular excitability.
Low - Increase neuromuscular excitability, tremors, tingly fingers, fractures.

Question 11

what is a diuretic and anti-diuretic?

Answer 11

A drug that increases urine volumes. and anti is opposite.