Homeostasis, Cell Struc. & Function Flashcards
(19 cards)
Definition of Homeostasis.
The process of maintaining balance in an organism’s internal environment
2 examples of Homeostasis
body temperature regulation
blood pressure regulation
What are the principles of the cell theory?
- All living organism are built of more than one cell
- Cells are the basic unit of life
- Cells come from previous cells, they also pass on genetic information
What are the two types of basic cell type?
Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells
What are the differences between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell?
Eukaryotic: has nucleus and other organelles; large cells
Prokaryotic: no nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles; small cells
What are organelles?
They are specialized structures that perform specific cell functions
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
It’s a special boundary that helps control what enters and leaves the cell.
What is selective permeability?
allows some substances to pass through while keeping others out.
Describe a phospholipid bilayer
It’s two layers of phospholipids that are arranged to allow the membrane to exist in a watery environment. The heads are polar and are facing outward and the tails are nonpolar and are facing inwards
What are the rules for polar and nonpolar substances?
Polar and polar dissolve
Nonpolar and nonpolar dissolve
while polar and nonpolar DO NOT
What is a nucleus?
Its an organelle in the center that contains a cell’s genetic information
What are the magnification of each lens?
Scanning: 4X (Red)
Low Power: 10X (Yellow)
High Power: 40X (Blue)
Oil Immersion: 100X (White)
What are the structures of a typical eukaryotic cell, and what are their functions?
Large, have nucleus, and membrane bound organelles
Describe an isotonic solution
Has the same concentration of water and solutes as the cytoplasm of the cell. Water still moves through the membrane, but it enters and leaves at the same rate.
Describe a hypotonic solution
As a lower concentration of solutes than the cytoplasm of the cell. The net movement of water is into the cell. As water moves into the cell, pressure increases. Animal cells can burst when placed in extremely hypotonic solutions.
hypertonic solution
Has a higher concentration of solutes that the cytoplasm of the cell. The net movement of water is out the cell. As water moves out of the cell, pressure decreases. Hypertonic solutions cause wilting in plants.
plant cells have:
cell wall, chloroplast, and vacuole
animal cells have:
centriole, cilia, flagellum, and lysosomes
both animal and plant cells have:
cytoskeleton, ER, golgi aparatus, mitochondrion nucleus, plasma membrane, ribosome
