Homeostasis, Cell Structure & Function

Question 1

What is homeostasis?

Answer 1

The process of maintaining balance in an organism’s internal environment.

Question 2

What are two examples of homeostasis?

Answer 2

Glucose concentration and body temperature.

Question 3

What are the 3 principles of cell theory?

Answer 3

• Cells are the most basic structural unit of life
• All organisms are made up of one or more cells
• Cell arise from previous cells

Question 4

What are the differences between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells?

Answer 4

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 5

What does the endosymbiont theory propose?

Answer 5

• A symbiotic relationship formed between 2 prokaryotic cells, one of which lived in the other.

Question 6

What does the iris diaphragm do?

Answer 6

• Adjusts how much light goes through to the sample

Question 7

What is the magnification of the objective lens?

Answer 7

• Scanning Objective Lens (4x)
• Low Power Objective (10x)
• High Power Objective Lens (40x)
• Oil Immersion Objective Lens (100x)

Question 8

What is the quality of the plasma membrane?

Answer 8

Thin and flexible.

Question 9

Where are the polar and non-polar heads in phospholipids?

Answer 9

Polar: Phosphates

Non-polar: fatty acids (lipids)

Question 10

Why are small, uncharged molecules able to pass through easier than large, charged molecules?

Answer 10

Uncharged molecules are neither polar or non-polar, which means they can pass through both heads of the phospholipid layer. Charged molecules won’t be able to dissolve in certain areas of the layers.

Question 11

Where is the cytoplasm located?

Answer 11

The fluid located within the plasma membrane.

Question 12

Where do chemical processes take place in prokaryotes?

Answer 12

Directly inside the cytoplasm.

Question 13

Where do chemical processes in eukaryotes take place?

Answer 13

Inside organelles located inside the cytoplasm.

Question 14

What are mircotubules?

Answer 14

Long, hollow protein cylinders that form a rigid skeleton for the cell and assist in moving substances within the cell

Question 15

What are microfilaments?

Answer 15

Thin protein threads that help give the cell shape and enable the part or the entire cell move.

Question 16

What is the function of ribsomes?

Answer 16

Make proteins.

Question 17

What is a nucleolus?

Answer 17

A certain place in the nucleus responsible for making ribosomes.

Question 18

What are the small disks inside chloroplasts called?

Answer 18

Thylakoid.

Question 19

Cilia vs Flagella?

Answer 19

Cilia is a projection of short hairs that move like oars in a row boat. Flagella are less in numbers and behave in a whip-like motion.

Question 20

Where are centrioles located?

Answer 20

In the cytoplasm near the nucleus.

Question 21

Which type of transport across the plasma membrane involves the use of carrier proteins?

Answer 21

Pumps

Question 22

statements about the sodium-potassium ATPase pump

Answer 22

• The pump maintains the level of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) inside and outside the cell.
• The pump uses the energy to transport three sodium ions out of the cell while moving two potassium ions into the cell.

Question 23

Which type of proteins move needed substances or waste materials through the plasma membrane?

Answer 23

transport proteins

Question 24

Functions of proteins in the plasma membrane?

Answer 24

• When found on the outer surface of the plasma membrane, proteins called receptors transmit signals to the inside of the cell.
• Proteins at the inner surface of the plasma membrane anchor the plasma membrane to the cell’s internal support structure, giving the cell its shape.
• Proteins span the entire membrane and create tunnels through which certain substances enter and leave the cell.