Homeostasis Test

Question 1

Where is the pituitary gland located?

Answer 1

Base of the brain

Question 2

What is the function of the pituitary gland

Answer 2

secrete hormones or make other glands secrete hormones

Question 3

where is the thyroid gland located

Answer 3

in the neck

Question 4

what is the function of the thyroid gland

Answer 4

to secrete T4and T3

Question 5

What do T4 and T3 do

Answer 5

regulate body temp, metabolism and energy levels

Question 6

where is the parathyroid gland located

Answer 6

behind the thyroid gland in the neck

Question 7

what is the function of the parathyroid gland

Answer 7

regulate calcium levels

Question 8

how does the parathyroid gland regulate calcium levels

Answer 8

secretes PTH which releases calcium from bones and tells excretory system to absorb more calcium

Question 9

What are two ways to increase blood pressure

Answer 9

Angiotensin: decrese the diameter of blood vessels
Aldosterone: increases the amount of fluid flowing into blood vessels by increasing NA+ concentration in blood

Question 10

what is hypertension

Answer 10

high blood pressure

Question 11

why is hypertention (high blood pressure) a health risk

Answer 11

it can strain organs and lead to their failure

Question 12

what cells monitor blood pressure

Answer 12

juxtaglomerular receptor cells

Question 13

what hormone regulates water balance in blood

Answer 13

anti diruretic hormone

Question 14

where is ADH produced

Answer 14

hypothalamus

Question 15

where is adh stored

Answer 15

pituitary gland

Question 16

what cells are responsible for the secretion of adh

Answer 16

osmoregulator cells

Question 17

when is adh secreted

Answer 17

high osmotic pressure
high solute conc. in blood
dehydrated

Question 18

when is adh not secreted

Answer 18

low osmotic pressure
low solute conc. in blood
hydrated

Question 19

what does the body do when there is high osmotic pressure

Answer 19

adh is secreted from the pituitary gland, it binds to receptors on the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct, this openes up aquaporins which reabsorb more water

Question 20

is filtration nephron into blood or blood into nephron

Answer 20

blood into nephron

Question 21

is reabsorption blood into nephron or nephron into blood

Answer 21

nephron into blood

Question 22

is secretion blood into nephron or nephron into blood

Answer 22

blood into nephron

Question 23

after the fluid is pushed from glomerulus into bowmans capsule what is it then called

Answer 23

primary urine

Question 24

what does primary urone contain

Answer 24

glucose, salt, urea, AA

Question 25

what cells line the proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 25

endothelial cells

Question 26

does active or passive transport happen first in the PCT

Answer 26

active

Question 27

what happens during active transport in the PCT

Answer 27

Na/K pumps in the endothelial cells pump Na out of the primary urine and back into the blood.

Question 28

Since active transport in the PCT cant work by itself, what powers it

Answer 28

ATP

Question 29

what does the Na/K pump create in the nephron

Answer 29

conc. gradient

Question 30

what happens during passive transport in the PCT

Answer 30

Cl anions follow the Na ions out of the nephron because of charge attraction. water, glucose and AA follow the conc. gradient and go back into the bloodstream

Question 31

what happens in the descending limb of the loop of henle

Answer 31

its permeable to water but not Na. Its saltier outside the limb so water flows out causing conc. urine

Question 32

what the conc. of the urine at the bottom of the loop of henle

Answer 32

1200

Question 33

what happens in the ascending limb of the loop of henle

Answer 33

its permeable to Na but not water. Na leaves the limb with Cl ions following it. (charge attraction) the urine is less conc.

Question 34

what happens in the DCT

Answer 34

it fine tunes the urine, reabsorbing any other water or electrolytes the blood needs

Question 35

what happens in the collecting duct

Answer 35

most of the remaining water in the urine is absorbed creating conc. uring

Question 36

what happens after the urine passes through the collecting duct

Answer 36

it goes to the renal pelvis

Question 37

what happens after urine goes to the renal pelvis

Answer 37

it goes down the ureters and collects in the bladder for storage

Question 38

what organisms match the osmolarity of their environment

Answer 38

osmoconformers (squid)

Question 39

what organisms have a consant osmolarity despite their external environment

Answer 39

osmoregulators (humans)

Question 40

what does a negative feedback loop do

Answer 40

start, end, repeat. activated when needed

Question 41

what does a positive feedback loop do

Answer 41

start, end, repeat until process is done.

Question 42

give an example of a positive feedback loop

Answer 42

childbirth

Question 43

give an example of a negative feedback loop

Answer 43

insulin/glucagon or body temp

Question 44

how are the nervous and endocrine systems different

Answer 44

endocrine: releases hormones that are slower acting but longer lasting Nervous: electrical signals that act almost immidiately

Question 45

what are the different classifications of hormones

Answer 45

peptide, steroid, amino acid, fatty acid

Question 46

example of a peptide hormone

Answer 46

FSH, LH, oxytocin

Question 47

example of a steroid hormone

Answer 47

testosterone, estrogen, progesterone

Question 48

example of an AA hormone

Answer 48

epinephrine, norepinephrine