Homeostatis Flashcards
The Endocrine System, Controlling blood-glucose conc, Diabetes, Kidneys(Failure and Structure) (33 cards)
What does the endocrine system consist of?
Glands
What do glands do?
They secrete hormones
What are Hormones?
Chemical molecules from a gland that is passed into the blood which then spreads through the blood stream
What happens when hormones come in contact with tissues?
- the tissues have specific receptors for specific hormones
- the hormones can act as signals to trigger changes in these cells
What is the function of the pituitary gland?
- it tells the body what to do
- it tells other glands what to do(eg. release hormones)
what is the function of the thyroid gland?
which hormone does the thyroid glands release?
- the thyroid gland controls the rate of metabolism for growth and development
It RELEASES THYROXINE
what happens when low levels of thyroxine are detected? (include TSH)
What is this process called?
- The pituitary gland releases more TSH
- This stimulates the thyroid gland to release more thyroxine
Negative feedback
What does the adrenal gland produce?
When is this produced?
Give an example of identifying when you have an increase in adrenaline
- adrenaline
- during the flight/fight response
- increase in heart rate
What does the pancreas produce?
What does this hormone control?
- insulin
- blood/glucose conc
What do testes produce?
what do ovaries produce?
- testosterone
- oestrogen
Name three differences between the endocrine system and the nervous system?
The endocrine system
- depends on hormones
- slower(but effects last longer)
- acts across the body
The nervous system
- depends on electrical impulses
- faster(effects last shorter)
- act in one specific area in the body
What is the difference between glucagon and glycogen?
glucagon = hormone
glycogen = large molecules of glucose
which hormones control blood-glucose conc ?
insulin and glucagon
what is the response given for a rise in blood glucose levels?
- detected by the pancreas
- insulin is released into the bloodstream
- insulin binds with certain receptors (these cells take in glucose to make glycogen)
- The making of glycogen happens in muscle or liver cells
what is the response given for a decrease in blood glucose levels?
- glucagon is released by the pancreas
- glucagon binds with the receptors in certain cells
- liver cells break down glycogen into glucose
- glucose is transferred to the blood stream
What does it mean if you have diabetes?
- blood-glucose levels can’t be controlled
what happens to the insulin in type 1 diabetes?
insulin is not produced
what is the most common treatment for type 1 diabetes?
- injecting insulin into the abdomen/thigh
What does the size of insulin injected depend on?
- How much the person has eaten
- How much exercise they do
What happens to the insulin in type 2 diabetes?
- insulin is produced but the cells become resistant to it (cells don’t take in glucose in order to decrease blood glucose conc.)
What are the three main functions of the kidneys?
- to remove waste from the body
- to filter the blood
- regulate the level of useful things
what is deamination? Where does it take place?
- when excess amino acids are converted into fats and carbs for storage
- liver
How is water lost and gained?
What can happen if there is too much/little water
- water is lost through the kidneys, breathing and sweating
- water is gained/lost by osmosis
- too much water = swelling/bursting of cells
- too little water = shrinking of cells
What happens when water levels are too low?
- signals to the pituitary gland
- release of ADU(Anti-diuretic hormone)
- this reaches the kidneys
- the tubules reabsorb more water
- less urine is produced
