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classics revision > homeric world > Flashcards

homeric world Flashcards

1
Q

What is a tholos tomb?

A

A large domed tomb in the shape of an igloo

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2
Q

Where is tiryns built?

A

On a hill 18m above the land around it

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3
Q

When do thr earliest buildings at tiryns date from?

A

2500 bc

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4
Q

What different techniques were used by Mycenaean artist in jewellery?

A

Repousse, filigree borders, inlay, granulation, cloisonné

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5
Q

When was tiryns built?

A

1400bc

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6
Q

Where is tiryns located?

A

South east of Mycenae

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7
Q

Who is thought to have built the walls at Mycenae?

A

Cyclopes

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8
Q

How high were the Cyclopean walls in Mycenaean times?

A

10m

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9
Q

Where was the megaron?

A

The highest part of the city

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10
Q

What was the megaron like?

A

Very bright and colourful, used to entertain guests, Minoan style pillars, paintings, pool, open ceiling, floor plastered with dolphins and octopi, hearth

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11
Q

What are the galleries?

A

They were used for storage or moving troops around, up to 30m long, made by corbelling

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12
Q

Which is the oldest grave circle?

A

Grave circle B

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13
Q

Where is grave circle B?

A

Outside Mycenae

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14
Q

How many graves does grave circle B contain?

A

26

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15
Q

How big is grave circle B?

A

28m diameter

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16
Q

What are stelai?

A

Stone or wooden slab with a commemorative inscription carved in relief (grave stone)

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17
Q

Where was the dagger blade (lion dagger) from?

A

Grave circle A, Mycenae

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18
Q

Where was the fresco of the Mycenaean lady from?

A

Grave circle A, shaft grave IV, Mycenae

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19
Q

Where was agamemnons death mask from?

A

Grave circle A, shaft grave V Mycenae

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20
Q

Where was the gold Pyxis from?

A

Grave Circle A, shaft grave V, Mycenae

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21
Q

Where was the gold rhyton from?

A

Grave circle A, Mycenae

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22
Q

Where is the warrior vase from?

A

House of the warrior, Mycenae

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23
Q

Where are the Linear B tablets from?

A

Pylos

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24
Q

Why was the lion gate impressive?

A

The lions showed artistic skill, carved in relief, corbelling, lions are majestic, made of conglomerate not limestone so it stands out

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25
Q

What was the gold rhyton used for?

A

Pouring drinks

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26
Q

What is the gold rhyton?

A

A gold lions head

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27
Q

What was the gold Pyxis used for?

A

Keeping cosmetics and jewellery

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28
Q

How was the gold rhyton made?

A

Hammering, granulation and repousse

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29
Q

What two things are shown on the gold Pyxis?

A

Lions chasing animals and cattle heads

30
Q

What was the warrior vase used for?

A

It’s a krater, a mixing bowl used for the dilution of wine with water

31
Q

What is shown on the warrior vase?

A

Soldiers with knapsacks, on one side they wear helmets with horns, the others have “hedgehog” style helmets and spears

32
Q

When was the Mycenaean age?

A

1600-1150 BC

33
Q

Where was Mycenae built?

A

On a hill about 40-50 meters above the ground

34
Q

How big was the area of Mycenae?

A

900m perimeter

35
Q

Who did the Greeks believe founded Mycenae?

A

Perseus

36
Q

Who excavated many of the tombs in Mycenae?

A

Heinrich Schliemann

37
Q

How far away is tiryns from Mycenae?

A

10 miles

38
Q

How big were the walls at tiryns?

A

8m high 13m thick

39
Q

Which is thought to be older tiryns or Mycenae?

A

Tiryns

40
Q

What is the megaron?

A

The central hall in the Mycenaean palace

41
Q

Who was thought to have been king of Mycenae?

A

Agamemnon

42
Q

How was Mycenaea well defended?

A

On a hill, could see everything, thick high walls, natural defence cliff

43
Q

What type of rock is Mycenae made of?

A

Limestone

44
Q

What is a sally port?

A

Small emergency exit

45
Q

How did the gates at tiryns make the city secure if it was attacked?

A

Bottle neck, started out wide and got smaller so people would get stuck

46
Q

How was the gate made secure if Mycenae was attacked.

A

Giant wooden gates with bars behind

47
Q

How does homer describe Mycenae in the Iliad?

A

Rich in gold

48
Q

When was Mycenae most prosperous?

A

1400-1200bc

49
Q

What are the three phases of the Mycenaean age?

A

The early period, the palatial period, the later period

50
Q

What was the underground cistern at Mycenae?

A

It collected water in case of drought or siege

51
Q

What was the postern gate at Mycenae?

A

Back exit in case you couldn’t escape through the lion gate

52
Q

How wide and high were the walls at Mycenae.

A

5.5-7.5 thick, 12m high, made of conglomerate

53
Q

Who was thought to have been born at tiryns?

A

Hercules

54
Q

What is a famous fresco found at tiryns?

A

A boy jumping over a bull

55
Q

What is a fresco?

A

When you paint straight onto the wet plaster of a wall

56
Q

Who lived in pylos in the Iliad?

A

Nestor

57
Q

What famous items were found in pylos?

A

The Linear B tablets

58
Q

What happened to the palace at pylos?

A

It burned down

59
Q

What’s a chiton?

A

A tunic

60
Q

How did the Mycenaeans make colours for frescoes?

A

Yellow came from onion skins and saffron, red from insect eggs and a plant called madder, blue from indigo a plant, purple from shellfish ink

61
Q

What does linear B tell us about the Mycenaeans?

A

Tells us about their trade, slaves, gods they worshipped (female versions of zeus and poseidon), agriculture, food production, military equipment, animals

62
Q

What are the two main types of symbol used on Linear B tablets?

A

Syllables and ideograms

63
Q

How were genders of animals distinguished on Linear B tablets?

A

Two small horizontal lines for male, an extra vertical/near vertical line for female

64
Q

Why is Linear B important?

A

Because there was no recorded literature at the time so Linear B is the only written record of anything

65
Q

What items were all found in grave circle A?

A

Lion dagger, Agamemnon’s death mask, gold rhyton, gold Pyxis

66
Q

How many shaft graves in grave circle A ?

A

6

67
Q

What is the treasury if Atreus/tomb of Agamemnon?

A

Most impressive tholos tomb at Mycenae

68
Q

Where did the colours come from?

A

Blue - copper, red - haematite, white - lime, yellow - ochre, green - mixing blue and yellow or malachite

69
Q

What’s a cist grave?

A

Shallow pit dug in the earth lined with stones and then covered up

70
Q

How many cist graves were in gave circle B?

A

10

classics revision (4 decks)

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