homeric world Flashcards

(70 cards)

1
Q

What is a tholos tomb?

A

A large domed tomb in the shape of an igloo

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2
Q

Where is tiryns built?

A

On a hill 18m above the land around it

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3
Q

When do thr earliest buildings at tiryns date from?

A

2500 bc

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4
Q

What different techniques were used by Mycenaean artist in jewellery?

A

Repousse, filigree borders, inlay, granulation, cloisonné

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5
Q

When was tiryns built?

A

1400bc

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6
Q

Where is tiryns located?

A

South east of Mycenae

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7
Q

Who is thought to have built the walls at Mycenae?

A

Cyclopes

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8
Q

How high were the Cyclopean walls in Mycenaean times?

A

10m

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9
Q

Where was the megaron?

A

The highest part of the city

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10
Q

What was the megaron like?

A

Very bright and colourful, used to entertain guests, Minoan style pillars, paintings, pool, open ceiling, floor plastered with dolphins and octopi, hearth

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11
Q

What are the galleries?

A

They were used for storage or moving troops around, up to 30m long, made by corbelling

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12
Q

Which is the oldest grave circle?

A

Grave circle B

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13
Q

Where is grave circle B?

A

Outside Mycenae

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14
Q

How many graves does grave circle B contain?

A

26

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15
Q

How big is grave circle B?

A

28m diameter

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16
Q

What are stelai?

A

Stone or wooden slab with a commemorative inscription carved in relief (grave stone)

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17
Q

Where was the dagger blade (lion dagger) from?

A

Grave circle A, Mycenae

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18
Q

Where was the fresco of the Mycenaean lady from?

A

Grave circle A, shaft grave IV, Mycenae

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19
Q

Where was agamemnons death mask from?

A

Grave circle A, shaft grave V Mycenae

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20
Q

Where was the gold Pyxis from?

A

Grave Circle A, shaft grave V, Mycenae

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21
Q

Where was the gold rhyton from?

A

Grave circle A, Mycenae

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22
Q

Where is the warrior vase from?

A

House of the warrior, Mycenae

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23
Q

Where are the Linear B tablets from?

A

Pylos

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24
Q

Why was the lion gate impressive?

A

The lions showed artistic skill, carved in relief, corbelling, lions are majestic, made of conglomerate not limestone so it stands out

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25
What was the gold rhyton used for?
Pouring drinks
26
What is the gold rhyton?
A gold lions head
27
What was the gold Pyxis used for?
Keeping cosmetics and jewellery
28
How was the gold rhyton made?
Hammering, granulation and repousse
29
What two things are shown on the gold Pyxis?
Lions chasing animals and cattle heads
30
What was the warrior vase used for?
It’s a krater, a mixing bowl used for the dilution of wine with water
31
What is shown on the warrior vase?
Soldiers with knapsacks, on one side they wear helmets with horns, the others have “hedgehog” style helmets and spears
32
When was the Mycenaean age?
1600-1150 BC
33
Where was Mycenae built?
On a hill about 40-50 meters above the ground
34
How big was the area of Mycenae?
900m perimeter
35
Who did the Greeks believe founded Mycenae?
Perseus
36
Who excavated many of the tombs in Mycenae?
Heinrich Schliemann
37
How far away is tiryns from Mycenae?
10 miles
38
How big were the walls at tiryns?
8m high 13m thick
39
Which is thought to be older tiryns or Mycenae?
Tiryns
40
What is the megaron?
The central hall in the Mycenaean palace
41
Who was thought to have been king of Mycenae?
Agamemnon
42
How was Mycenaea well defended?
On a hill, could see everything, thick high walls, natural defence cliff
43
What type of rock is Mycenae made of?
Limestone
44
What is a sally port?
Small emergency exit
45
How did the gates at tiryns make the city secure if it was attacked?
Bottle neck, started out wide and got smaller so people would get stuck
46
How was the gate made secure if Mycenae was attacked.
Giant wooden gates with bars behind
47
How does homer describe Mycenae in the Iliad?
Rich in gold
48
When was Mycenae most prosperous?
1400-1200bc
49
What are the three phases of the Mycenaean age?
The early period, the palatial period, the later period
50
What was the underground cistern at Mycenae?
It collected water in case of drought or siege
51
What was the postern gate at Mycenae?
Back exit in case you couldn’t escape through the lion gate
52
How wide and high were the walls at Mycenae.
5.5-7.5 thick, 12m high, made of conglomerate
53
Who was thought to have been born at tiryns?
Hercules
54
What is a famous fresco found at tiryns?
A boy jumping over a bull
55
What is a fresco?
When you paint straight onto the wet plaster of a wall
56
Who lived in pylos in the Iliad?
Nestor
57
What famous items were found in pylos?
The Linear B tablets
58
What happened to the palace at pylos?
It burned down
59
What’s a chiton?
A tunic
60
How did the Mycenaeans make colours for frescoes?
Yellow came from onion skins and saffron, red from insect eggs and a plant called madder, blue from indigo a plant, purple from shellfish ink
61
What does linear B tell us about the Mycenaeans?
Tells us about their trade, slaves, gods they worshipped (female versions of zeus and poseidon), agriculture, food production, military equipment, animals
62
What are the two main types of symbol used on Linear B tablets?
Syllables and ideograms
63
How were genders of animals distinguished on Linear B tablets?
Two small horizontal lines for male, an extra vertical/near vertical line for female
64
Why is Linear B important?
Because there was no recorded literature at the time so Linear B is the only written record of anything
65
What items were all found in grave circle A?
Lion dagger, Agamemnon’s death mask, gold rhyton, gold Pyxis
66
How many shaft graves in grave circle A ?
6
67
What is the treasury if Atreus/tomb of Agamemnon?
Most impressive tholos tomb at Mycenae
68
Where did the colours come from?
Blue - copper, red - haematite, white - lime, yellow - ochre, green - mixing blue and yellow or malachite
69
What’s a cist grave?
Shallow pit dug in the earth lined with stones and then covered up
70
How many cist graves were in gave circle B?
10