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BacT > Homework Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Homework Antimicrobials Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

Inhibit cell wall synthesis

A

Beta-Lactams

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2
Q

Type I Hypersensitivity (anaphylaxis)

A

Beta-Lactams

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3
Q

Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Sublactams, Carbapenems, Monobactams

A

Beta-Lactams

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4
Q

Oral or injection administration

A

Beta-Lactams

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5
Q

Time dependent killing

A

Beta-Lactams, Tetracycline

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6
Q

Bactriocidal

A

Beta-Lactams, Aminoglycosides, Fluoroquinolones

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7
Q

Beta-Lactams resistance mechanisms

A
  • Beta-Lactamase (cleaves ring) production and extended spectrum
  • alterations in penicillin binding proteins
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8
Q

Beta-Lactam synergism

A
  • Use with beta-lactamase inhibitors (clauvlinic acid, sublactam, tazobactam)
  • With aminoglycoside= easier to enter bacterial cell (don’t mix in same syringe)
  • Ticarcilin + quinolones for pseudomonas
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9
Q

Varied spectrum of activity

A

Beta-Lactams

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10
Q

Beta-Lactam antagonism

A

tetracycline and chloramphenicol

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11
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

Tetracycline, Macrolides, Lincosamides, Chloramphenicol

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12
Q

Docxycycline, Oxytetracycline, Chlortetracycline, Minocycline

A

Tetracycline

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13
Q

Oral, IV, IM

A

Tetracycline

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14
Q

Broad spectrum of activity

A

Tetracycline, Aminoglycosides, Sulfa drugs

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15
Q

Tetracycline resistance mechanisms

A
  • Energy dependent efflux
  • Ribosomal protection
  • Chemical modifications and catalysis by enzymes
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16
Q

Tetracycline notable facts

A
  • Chelating agents (removes heavy medals)
  • Crosses placenta
  • Secreted in milk
  • Anti-inflammatory, Neuroprotective, immunimodulant effects
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17
Q

Tetracycline toxicity & adverse effects

A
  • Irritant
  • Cardiovascular Effects
  • Tooth discoloration
  • Alterations of intestinal flora & enterocolitit (horses)
  • Cardiovascular collapse in horses if given IV
  • Nephrotoxicosis
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18
Q

Gentamicin, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Streptomycin, Kanamycin, Neomycin, Spectinomycin

A

Aminoglycosides

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19
Q

Inhibit protein synthesis

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A

Tetracyclines, Aminoglycosides, Macrolides, Chloramphenicol, Lincosamides,

20
Q

Concentration dependent killing

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A

Aminoglycosides, Fluoroquinolones

21
Q

Aminoglycosides notable facts

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A
  • Inactivated by pus
  • Renal excretion
  • Oxygen dependent uptake by microbes
  • Does not penetrate BBB
22
Q

Parenteral administration (by some form of injection, not oral)

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A

Aminoglycosides

23
Q

Synergistic with Beta-lactams

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A

Aminoglycosides

24
Q

Aminoglycosides toxicity and adverse reactions

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A
  • Nephrotoxic

- Ototoxic/Cranial Nerve VIII/Vestibular Cochlear damage

25
Aminoglycosides resistance mechanisms
plasmid mediated enzymes
26
Bacteriostatic, -cidal at high concentration
Aminoglycosides
27
Synthetic antimicrobial
Fluoroquinolones
28
Enrofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin
Fluoroquinolones
29
Inhibit DNA gyrase
Fluoroquinolones
30
Fluoroquinolones notable facts
- High intracellular concentration in phagocytes - Prolonged post antibiotic effect - Rapid resistance development - Oral absorption
31
Fluoroquinolones resistance mechanisms
- Modification or protection of target - Decreased permeability - Efflux pumps
32
Fluoroquinolones synergism
Beta-lactams & aminoglycosides
33
Fluoroquinolones toxicity & adverse effects
- Generally safe - Articular cartilage degeneration in juvenile dogs - Retinal degeneration in cats - Neurotoxic & tendon rupture in humans - Canine TSS (S. canis) with bacteriophage induced lysis
34
Erythromysin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, (Tulathromycin, Tilmicosin, Tylosin)
Macrolides
35
Macrolides notable facts
- Immunomodulatory effects | - Intracellular accumulation in phagocytes
36
Macrolides resistance mechanisms
- Target site modification - Active efflux - Enzymatic inactivation
37
Inhibits nucleic acid synthesis
Sulfa drugs
38
Sulfonamide, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine
Sulfa drugs
39
Sulfa drugs synergy
Diaminopyrimidines (Trimethoprim, Pyrimethamine)
40
Sulfa drugs resistance mechanisms
- Impaired drug penetration | - Altered enzymes
41
Sulfa drugs notable facts
- Good oral absorption | - Effective against protozoa
42
Sulfa drugs adverse reaction
Allergic reaction in dogs (doberman pinschers)
43
Inhibit RNA polymerase
Rifampin
44
Bactericidal against intracellular and extracellular bacteria
Rifampin
45
Glycopeptides(Vancomycin), Polymyxins, Bacitracin
Peptide antibiotics

BacT (2 decks)

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