homework review Q's

Question 1

Which of the following functions of plasma-cell secreted antibodies promotes phagocytosis of foreign bacteria?

Answer 1

Opsonization

Question 2

Histamine is an important signaling molecule in the immune system that directly triggers __________.

Answer 2

blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable

Question 3

Which of the following cell types carries out humoral immunity?

Answer 3

B cells

Question 4

Besides helper T cells, what are two other types of cells that HIV infects?

Answer 4

Macrophages and brain cells

Question 5

Our immune system does not usually attack our own healthy tissues because lymphocytes that target “self” tissue are __________.

Answer 5

destroyed or rendered nonfunctional

Question 6

Antibodies belong to which class of proteins?

Answer 6

Receptor

Question 7

In a series of immune system experiments, the thymus glands were removed from baby mice. Which of the following would you predict as a likely result?

Answer 7

The mice readily accepted tissue transplants.

Question 8

Which of the following cells does not play a role in immunity through the phagocytosis of pathogens?

Answer 8

Natural killer cells

Question 9

Which of the following classes of immunoglobins crosses the placenta and confers passive immunity to the fetus?

Answer 9

IgG

Question 10

Which of the following organisms would produce antibodies as part of an immune response?

Answer 10

Whale. Whales, along with other vertebrates, are unique among animals in that they have both adaptive and innate immunity.

Question 11

Herpes simplex viruses, such as those that cause cold sores, can evade the immune system and persist in the body by __________.

Answer 11

infecting cells and then entering a largely inactive state called latency.

Question 12

The proliferation of the B lymphocyte to which a specific antigen binds is referred to as __________.

Answer 12

clonal selection

Question 13

What are the mechanisms by which antibodies function in immunity?

Answer 13

Activation of complement system

Neutralization of viruses

Opsonization of bacteria

Recruitment of natural killer cells to destroy virus-infected body cells

Question 14

Which diseases are caused by actions of the immune system?

Answer 14

Crohn’s disease

Rheumatoid arthritis

Ulcerative colitis

Lupus

Question 15

When searching for a donor for an organ transplant, doctors try to match the __________ of the donor and recipient as closely as possible.

Answer 15

MHC proteins

Question 16

Which statement describes what would most likely happen to microbes in the blood?

Answer 16

They are phagocytosed by macrophages in the spleen.

Question 17

Vaccination led to the eradication of the disease ________.

Answer 17

smallpox

Question 18

Which of the following cells are part of the innate, second line of defense?

Answer 18

Macrophages

Question 19

Passive immunity differs from active immunity in that passive immunity ___________.

Answer 19

is conferred by antibodies produced by another individual

Question 20

Lysozyme plays a role in immunity through _________.

Answer 20

breaking down bacterial cell walls

Question 21

What is innate immunity?

Answer 21

a rapid response to potential infection and is active immediately upon exposure to a pathogen.

Question 22

Innate immunity is found in all animals. TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 22

TRUE

Question 23

Someone infected by chicken pox as a child is unlikely to suffer from this disease a second time. This is due to immunological memory, a reservoir of what type of cells that were generated following the initial exposure?

Answer 23

Both T cells and B cells

Question 24

Which cells function in triggering the inflammatory response of innate immunity?

Answer 24

Mast cells

Question 25

Which cells function in the inflammatory response of innate immunity?

Answer 25

Macrophages

Question 26

Who is credited with performing the first documented immunization?

Answer 26

Edward Jenner

Question 27

Which cells multiply and make antibodies that circulate in blood and lymph?

Answer 27

B lymphocytes

Question 28

The body uses the vitamin A precursors from some foods to make a substance called retinal, which __________.

Answer 28

is a visual pigment that absorbs light

Question 29

Each human taste bud contains __________.

Answer 29

sensory receptors for each of the five taste types

Question 30

What is the sequence that traces the path of light into your eyes?

Answer 30

Cornea→ pupil→ lens→ retina

Question 31

Which part of the eye contains the photoreceptors?

Answer 31

Retina

Question 32

Which part of the eye is the opening that allows light to pass through the lens to the retina?

Answer 32

Pupil

Question 33

Which part of the eye is the center of the visual field where there are no rods but a very high density of cones?

Answer 33

Fovea

Question 34

Which part of the eye acts like a camera’s adjustable aperture and contracts or expands the diameter of the pupil in response to the amount of light?

Answer 34

Iris

Question 35

Faceted compound eyes of insects are called _________, with some being able to detect ________ waves of the electromagnetic spectrum, which humans cannot detect.

Answer 35

ommatidia; ultraviolet

Question 36

A cluster of hair cells in both the human inner ear and a fish’s lateral line is found in a structure called the _________.

Answer 36

cupula

Question 37

Sensory transduction in the human eye triggered by light causes ___________, the hydrolysis of ___________, and the ___________ of Na+ channels.

Answer 37

hyperpolarization; cGMP --> GMP; closing

Question 38

A person born without otoliths in the ears would be __________.

Answer 38

unable to determine the position of the head with respect to gravity

Question 39

The round window is found __________.

Answer 39

in the cochlea

Question 40

The type of sensory receptor that detects pain is called a(n) ___________.

Answer 40

nociceptor

Question 41

Sitting too close to the amplifiers at a concert may __________.

Answer 41

damage the hair cells in the ears

Question 42

Invertebrates detect gravity and maintain equilibrium via organs called ________.

Answer 42

statocysts

Question 43

What does a device that converts one form of energy to another do?

Answer 43

Transduce

Question 44

A sensory receptor is best described as a(n) ___________.

Answer 44

afferent neuron

Question 45

The type of receptor(s) that is/are found on the star-nosed mole (Condylura cristata) is/are __________ receptor(s).

Answer 45

a sensory

Question 46

Vertebrate skeletal muscle contraction is regulated by ________ ions, which interact with ________ in muscle contraction.

Answer 46

Ca2+; the troponin complex