HOMININS

Question 1

Dmanisi (location, age, date, finding)

Answer 1

Location: Georgia
Age: 1.77 mya to 780 kya
Date: 1991
Finding: Cave site yielded 5 skulls of Homo erectus (?)

Question 2

Liang Bua (location, person, age, date, finding)

Answer 2

Location: Flores
Person: Mike Morwood
Age: 190-60 kya
Date: 2003
Finding: Cave site yielding the discovery of H. floresiensis, supported by Mata Menge

Question 3

Zhoukoudian (location, person, age, date, finding)

Answer 3

Location: China
Person: J. G. Andersson
Age: 680 - 780 kya
Date: 1921
Finding: Discovery of Peking Man (H. erectus?)

Question 4

Olduvai Gorge (location, person, age, date, finding)

Answer 4

Location: Tanzania
Person: Mary and Louis Leakey
Age: 1.9 - 1.4 mya
Date: 1951
Finding: Type sit of early flake/core technology. Also hominin remains

Question 5

Hadar (location, age, date, finding)

Answer 5

Location: Ethiopia
Age: 2.35 mya
Date: 1994
Finding: Pushes the date of the species H. rudolfensis or habilis. emplies habilis and erectus could have been cousins. parabolic jaw

Question 6

Lake Turkana (location, age, date, finding)

Answer 6

Location: Kenya
Age: 3.3 mya
Date: 1972
Finding: Oldest stone tools at lomkwi possibly Kenyanthropus platyops? shows there is no link between brain size and tool making as only 430-450 cc

Question 7

Sierra de Atapuerca (location, age, finding)

Answer 7

Location: Spain
Age: 772 - 949 kya
Finding: Gran Dolina, evidence of cannibalism

Question 8

Sangiran/Trinil (location, person, age, date, finding)

Answer 8

Location: Java
Person: Eugene Dubois
Age: 1 mya - 700 kya
Date: 1891
Finding: Discovery of Java Man

Question 9

Denisova Cave (location, age, date, finding)

Answer 9

Location: Siberia
Age: 200 - 52/76 kya
Date: 2008
Finding: Discovery of Denisovans. First generation of interbreading.

Question 10

Lake Chad (location, age, finding)

Answer 10

Location: Nigeria, Niger, Chad and Cameroon
Age: 3.6 mya
Finding: furthest west hominin habitation

Question 11

Neander Valley (location, age, finding)

Answer 11

Location: Germany
Age: 320 kya
Finding: At Schoningen. First instance of wood work. Wooden spears associated with H. heidelbergensis

Question 12

Laetoli (location, age, date, person, finding)

Answer 12

Location: Tanzania
Age: 3.6 mya
Date: 1930s
Person: studied by mary leaky
Finding: early hominin footprints (70) preserved in volcanic ash

Question 13

Bodo (location, age, finding)

Answer 13

Location: Ethiopia
Age: 670-600 kya
Finding: considered to be the oldest fossil on our direct family tree. Either H. heidleburgensis or archaic H. sapiens (1300 cc brain case)

Question 14

Omo I (location, age, finding)

Answer 14

Location: Ethiopia
Age:195 kya
Finding: earliest anatomically modern human - chin, reduced brow ridge and round brain case

Question 15

Herto (location, age, finding)

Answer 15

Location: Ethiopia
Age: 169 kya
Findings: another contender for earliest modern human although evidence is not so incredible because its a bit squashed

Question 16

Jebel Irhoud (location, age, finding)

Answer 16

Location: Morocco
Age: 300 kya
Findings: anatomically very modern but in a strange location especially in comparison to genetic evidence

Question 17

Rising Star Cave (location, person, age, date, finding)

Answer 17

Location: South Africa
Person: Lee Berger
Age: 335-236 kya
Date: 2013
Finding: 15 H. naledi individuals who were contemporary with sapiens. strange because features associated with early hominins

Question 18

skhul and qafzeh caves (location, age, finding)

Answer 18

Location: Israel
Age: 110-90 kya
Findings: oldest burials (including red
ochre at Qafzeh). Period of neanderthal inhabitation 60-50 kya at shanidar and then humans back from 35-45 kya

Question 19

Châtelperronian (age, location, finding)

Answer 19

Age: 45-40 kya
Location: south western france and northern spain
Finding: tool culture using neanderthal techniques to make sapien tools. made by neanderthals

Question 20

Madjedbebe (location, age, finding)

Answer 20

Location: Australia
Age: 65 kya
Findings: the only site which shows hominins in australia to that far back. could be an issue in the dating - no longer carbon dating so not accurate or sand drift.

Question 21

boodie cave (location, age, finding)

Answer 21

Location: barrow island
Age: 51 kya
Finding: because the island is on the edge of the area which would have been above water it would make sense if it was one of the first inhabited places.

Question 22

Lake mungo 3 (location, age, finding)

Answer 22

Location: Australia
Age: 38-42 kya
Findings: very old burials with ochre. shows behavioral modernity did not originate in europe.

Question 23

Lake mungo 1 (location, age, finding)

Answer 23

Location: Australia
Age: 40 kya
Findings: first cremation. also very different skull shape.

Question 24

kilu cave (location, age, finding)

Answer 24

Location: buka island
Age: 33 kya
Findings: Eastern extent of Pleistocene
Settlement? also animals and goods moved with them - cuscus bandicoot and wallabe introduced by people around 20 kya

Question 25

Ivane valley (location, age, finding)

Answer 25

Location: papua new guinea Age: 50-40 kya Findings: already up in the mountains and possibly using firestick farming.

Question 26

dikika (location, age, finding)

Answer 26

Location: ethiopia Age 3.4 mya Findings: first tool use (bones with cut marks) and first child (3.3 mya). both attributed to A. aferensis

Question 27

gona (location, age, finding)

Answer 27

Location: ethiopia Age: 2.5 mya Findings: first oldowan tools made by A. garhi. older at lake turkana but are they still oldowan?

Question 28

Nariokotome III (location, age, finding)

Answer 28

Location: kenya/ethiopia Age: 1.56 mya Finding: Nariokotome Boy H. ergaster. Most complete skeleton ever found older than 130kya. modern body proportions.

Question 29

lleret foot prints (location, age, finding)

Answer 29

Location: kenya Age: 1.5 mya Finding: the oldest evidence of an essentially modern human-like foot anatomy

Question 30

Kokiselei (location, age, finding)

Answer 30

Location: kenya Age: 1.76 mya Finding: first acheulean tools - handaxes – bifacially flaked (from two sides) to produce a symmetrical tool made by erectus

Question 31

Movius line (location, finding)

Answer 31

Location: includes india africa some of europe Finding: the line where acheulean tool culture stops - not all erectus were using this tool culture

Question 32

Gesher Benot Ya'aqov (location, age, finding)

Answer 32

Location: israel Age: 790 kya Finding: first use of controlled fire - burnt flint, wood and seeds. likely erectus or heidleburgensis

Question 33

Terra Amata (location, age, finding)

Answer 33

Location: spain Age: 400 kya Finding: evidence of shelter building - ring of stones and post holes

Question 34

Shanidar 1 (location, age, finding)

Answer 34

Location: Iraq Age: 65-35 kya Finding: crushed skull injury occurred at young age and paralyzed right side of body but injuries show signs of healing and lived to 35-45 years

Question 35

Shanidar 4 (location, age, finding)

Answer 35

Location: Iraq Age: 65-35 kya Finding: Possible evidence of Neanderthal burial - pollen samples that were maybe placed purposefully

Question 36

Malaga (location, age, finding)

Answer 36

Location: spain Age: 43 - 42 kya Finding: seal paintings maybe from neanderthals - shows behavioral modernity

Question 37

Gorhams cave (location, age, finding)

Answer 37

Location: gibraltar Age: 40 kya - 28 kya Finding: engraving by neanderthalensis

Question 38

Sima de los Huesos

Answer 38

Location: spain Age: 400-600 kya?? Finding: key transition site between H. heidleburgensis and neanderthalensis