Homologous Series

Question 1

Alkanes

Answer 1

All end in “-ane”
Each carbon atom is covalently bonded to 4 other atoms
Hydrocarbons
General formula
CnH2n+2

Question 2

Alkenes

Answer 2

All end in “-ene”
Unsaturated molecules containing a carbon to carbon double bonds
Hydrocarbons
General formula
CnH2n

Question 3

Alkynes

Answer 3

All end in “-yne”
Unsaturated molecules containing a carbon to carbon triple bonds
Hydrocarbons
General formula
CnH2n-2

Question 4

Halogenoalkanes

Answer 4

Named “(#)(Halogen)(Main chain name)
E.g. 1-chlorobutane
Not hydrocarbons
Contains the halogeno (C-X) functional group

Question 5

Alcohols

Answer 5

All end in “-ol”
Not hydrocarbons
Contains the hydroxyl (-OH) functional group
General formula
CnH2n+1OH

Question 6

Aldehydes

Answer 6

All end in “-al”
Not hydrocarbons
Contains the carbonyl (-C=O) functional group
Functional group must be at the end
General formula
CnH2nO

Question 7

Ketones

Answer 7

All end in “-one”
Not hydrocarbons
Contains the carbonyl (-C=O) functional group
Functional group must be at the end
General formula
CnH2nO

Question 8

Carboxylic acids

Answer 8

All end in “-oic acid”
Not hydrocarbons
Contains the carboxyl (-COOH) functional group
General formula
CnH2n+1COOH

Question 9

Ethers

Answer 9

All have “-oxy-” in the middle
Not hydrocarbons
Contains the alkoxy (R-O-R’) functional group
General formula
CnH2n+2O

Question 10

Amines

Answer 10

All end in “-amine”
Not hydrocarbons
Contains the amino (-NH2) functional group
General formula
CnH2n+1NH2

Question 11

Amides

Answer 11

All end in “-amide”
Not hydrocarbons
Contains the amide (-CONR) functional group

Question 12

Esters

Answer 12

Named after the parent alcohol and carboxylic acid
E.g. methyl ethanoate
Formed through a condensation reaction between alcohols and carboxylic acids
Contains the ester (-COO) functional group