Hon - Review And Bolded Words Flashcards by Alex Hamidi

What characterizes FTD?

Emotional dullness, loss of moral judgement, progressive dementia

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Common migraine location?

Gender ratio and age?

Description?

Unilateral

Female, 35-40 y/o

Throbbing, sharp, pressure

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When is warfarin generally indicated for stroke patients?

AFib
Prosthetic Valve
MI
Atrial septal defect
Hypercoagulable state
Large vessel disease
Aortic arch disease

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Aphasia, right sided sensory and motor symptoms, right visual field cut is associated with what kind of stroke?

Left hemisphere

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What helps Essential tremor temporarily?

Long-term tx?

EtOH

Propanolol, primidone, benzodiazepine

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What type of M.S. Has a slow downhill course?

Exacerbations and remissions?

Secondary progressive

Relapsing remitting

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NIH stroke scale greater than 20 indicates what?

Less than 10?

17% risk of hemorrhage

2-3% risk of hemorrhage

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ADEM occurs when?

Reoccurs when?

Following a viral infection or immunization

NEVER

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What are the symptoms of CBD?

Cortical and BG dysfunction
Bradykinesia and rigidity
Sensory loss, apraxia, myoclonus, aphasia

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Writhing, sinuous movements?

Athetosis

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What is the triad of normal pressure hydrocephalus?

Dementia
Gait disturbance
Urinary incontinence

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What is a defined by a post-ictal state?

Confused or disoriented

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What is the most important information in the diagnosis of epilepsy?

The history of the event

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Devic’s disease is aka what?

Testing for what in the blood and CSF makes this diagnosis?

Treat how?

Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO)

Aquaporin antibodies

Steroids followed by immunosuppresion

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All stroke patients should have IV access but what should never be included in the IVF?

Glucose

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Irregular, brief, dance like movements?

Chorea

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When does Wilson’s disease present?

Clinical features?

Treatment?

Childhood or young adult

Bradykinetic AND hyperkinetic

De-Penicillamine (chelater)

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LP for CSF reveals what in M.S. Patients?

Oligoclonal bands

Increased IgG

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What medication is used to treat an acute exacerbation in M.S.?

High dose corticosteroids (solumedrol)

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How long does a classic migraine last?

What’s special about it?

15-30 minutes

AURA

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Sustained muscle contractions that produce twisting and repetitive movements and abnormal postures?

Dystonia

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What is the treatment for AD?

Slow the progression of the disease

AChE inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonist

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Inheritance of Wilson’s disease?

Produces what dysfunction?

Due to what?

Autosomal recessive

Neurologic and hepatic

Decreased binding of copper to cerruloplasmin -> free copper

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Cluster HA location?

Behavior?

Associated symptoms?

100% unilateral, orbitotemporal

Frenetic, pacing, rocking

Ipsilateral ptosis, Miosis, conjunctival injection, lacrimation, stuffed or runny nose

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Hallmark of idiopathic torsion dystonia?

Dystonic movements and postures with NO other signs

What is the condition characterized by prolonged seizure (more than 10 min) or repeated seizures without recovery in between? 1st line treatment with what?

Status epilepticus Benzodiazepine

Which type of M.S. Is the most common? 2nd most common?

Relapsing remitting (45-50%) Secondary progressive (20-25%)

Essential tremor has what clinical presentation?

Postural or kinetic tremor of both hands, may involve head or neck Movement induced tremor, OPPOSITE of PD

What is characteristic of a seizure?

Urinary/bowel incontinence Tongue injury Tonic/clonic movements Post-ictal state

What defines dementia?

Decline in memory and at least 1 other cognitive function

Tension-type HA intensity? Disability? Location? Prodrome/aura?

Mild to moderate Does NOT prohibit daily activities Bifrontal, bioccipital neck, shoulders NONE

What is the tetrad of symptoms to Diffuse Lewy Body Disease?

Dementia Bradykinesia/rigidity with NO tremor Psychotic symptoms (visual hallucination) Extreme sensitivity to antipsychotic agents

What can treat spasticity in M.S.? Intention tremor? Urinary urgency? Urinary retention?

Baclofen, tizanadine, diazepam Propranolol, primidone, clonazepam Oxybutinin, Detrol LA Bethanechol

Clinical course of Diffuse Lewy Body Disease?

Progresses more rapidly than AD | Periods of markedly increased confusion lasting days to weeks, mimics delirium

How is epilepsy defined?

2 or more unprovoked seizures

What is a temporary loss of consciousness caused by a fall in BP?

Syncope

Ipsilateral ataxia, vertigo, nystagmus is associated with stroke?

Cerebellar

What are the % findings on an EEG of petit mal with hyperventilation?

90%

Percentages of following stroke: | Hemorrhagic vs. ischemic

20% to 80%

Brief, rapid, repetitive, seemingly purposeless stereotyped action?

Tic

Cluster HA intensity? Affects who? Recent association with what?

Severe, excruciating Males obstructive sleep apnea

SUNCT syndrome is what? Occurs in whom? Tx?

Short lasting, unilateral, neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing Men over 50 Lamotrigine

Large amplitude, flinging movement, usually from the proximal part of an extremity?

Hemiballism

What is mild cognitive impairment disease?

Memory complaint that is isolated | Tested abnormal memory for age, precursor to AD

How to diagnose Wilson's?

Serum cerruloplasmin level AND 24 hr. Copper excretion in urine

What are the symptoms of PSP?

Bradykinesia, rigidity | Loss of voluntary eye movements (vertical gaze)

What are the symptoms of MSA (Shy-Drager)?

Bradykinesia and rigidity Pronounced autonomic dysfunction Pronounce ORTHOSTASIS

Tourette's more common in who? Most cases are what? Treatment?

Males Sporadic Clonidine, Haldol, Phenothiazine

What symptom of normal pressure hydrocephalus is more likely to be reversed with shunting?

Gait disturbance

The following is describing what? disorder of the brain and spinal cord characterized by periods of increasing and decreasing symptoms and signs (exacerbation and remissions) due to loss of myelin

M.S.

What anti platelet agents are used to control stroke?

ASA Aggrenox Plavix

What will a MRI show in a patient with M.S.?

Ovoid lesions of high signal on T2W1 in the periventricular white matter and spinal cord, lesions may enhance

What is the treatment for Trigeminal neuralgia?

Carbamazepine | Oxcarbamazepine

What drugs are used for the maintenance of M.S.?

IFNs | Some others

What is the criteria for vascular dementia?

Focal signs on neurologic examination, normally to 1 side

What may be a form of arteritis and occurs in children and adolescents as a complication of a previous group A strep infection? Characterized how?

Sydenham's Chorea Unilateral choreiform movements

CN findings with contralateral hemisensory or hemimotor symptoms, and vertigo indicate stroke where?

Brainstem

PD has Lewy bodies where? Dementia occurs when? Hallucinations when?

Midbrain Occurs late In response to antiparkinsonian drugs

What is an example of focal torsion dystonia?

Writer's cramp Dystonia confined to 1 focal area

What is a contraindication for Triptan use?

Raynaud's syndrome HTN Ergotamines MAOI

Paroxysmal Hemicrania is very similar to what? Treated with what drug?

Cluster headache Indomethacin

What are the common visual disturbances in diffuse Lewy body disease? Response to Levodopa is what?

Animals and children POOR

Benign M.S. Cases make up what %? What makes up 15-20%?

10-15 Primary progressive

BOTOX is FDA approved preventative treatment for what?

Chronic migraine

What is characterized by a spontaneous attack of vertigo that does not involve hearing loss or tinnitus and resolves spontaneously? What other Sx?

Vestibular neuronitis Vertigo Nausea Vomiting

What is a theory for cause of Meniere's Disease?

INC in endolymph volume -> endolymph hydrops

What antibiotics can cause equilibrium disorder?

Aminoglycoside Tetracycline Vancomycin

Repeated episodes of vertigo without other neurological symptoms should suggest what?

Non-neurological cause

What are the peripheral causes of vertigo?

BPPV Vestibular neuronitis Meniere's Drug induced ototoxicity

What is SCA1?

Olivopontocerebellar

What is SCA3?

Machado-Joseph

A port wine stain that extends to the upper eyelid indicates what? Susceptible to what?

Ataxia-Telangiectasia Recurrent sinopulmonary infections

What causes coma?

B/L hemisphere dysfunction Or Brainstem dysfunction

Consciousness depends on arousal from what brain structure?

Cerebral cortex by the ARAS

What is mental blunting, increased sleep, aroused to mild stimuli?

Obtundation

What is disorientation, stimuli misinterpreted, hallucinations?

Delirium

What is arouses only to noxious stimuli and not environmental, only rudimentary awareness?

Stupor

A musty smell on a pt indicates what?

Hepatic failure

What 3 things cause pinpoint pupils?

POP Pilocarpine Opiates Pontine Lesion

Bobbing nystagmus means lesion where? Ping pong?

Pons Midbrain

Convergence and retractory nystagmus means lesion where?

Mesencephalon

Doll's eye is testing where? Caloric reflex?

mid pons Low pons

What is Hyperpnia regulating alternating with apnea? Lesion where?

Cheynes-Stokes breathing Diencephalon

Apneustic breathing is where?

Lower pons

Pupillary reactions are usually preserved in what type of stupor/coma?

Diffuse or metabolic

Hon - Review And Bolded Words Flashcards

(85 cards)