Honors Bio Final Sem. 2 Flashcards
(150 cards)
1
Q
What is the phylum for ‘Pore-bearer’?
A
Porifera
2
Q
What is the phylum associated with ‘little ring’?
A
Annelida
3
Q
What features belong to the phylum Cnidaria?
A
Nematocysts, neural net
4
Q
What is the phylum for ‘jointed legs, exoskeleton’?
A
Arthropoda
5
Q
Fill in the blank: The phylum for ‘soft’ is ______.
A
Mollusca
6
Q
What does ‘double life’ refer to in terms of phylum?
A
Amphibian
7
Q
What is the phylum for ‘spiny skin’?
A
Echinodermata
8
Q
What is the phylum for ‘no jaw’?
A
Agnatha
9
Q
What is the phylum for ‘four legs’?
A
Tetrapod
10
Q
Epithelial Tissue Jobs:
Connective Tissue Jobs:
Muscle Tissue Jobs:
Nervous Tissue Jobs:
Ground Tissue Jobs:
A
Epithelial- Secretion, structure, absorption
Connective- structure, carry things, store things
Muscle- move the body, provide heat, support and provide structure to the body
Nervous- communication, process info
Ground- support, structure, photosynthesis
11
Q
What is the phylum for ‘nettle’?
A
Cnidaria
12
Q
What phylum are fish in?
A
Chordata
13
Q
What is the phylum associated with ‘flatworm’?
A
Platyhelminthes
14
Q
What is the phylum that has a ‘hydrovascular system’?
A
Echinodermata
15
Q
What is the phylum that has a ‘radula, soft mantle, and visceral mass?
A
Mollusca
16
Q
What is the phylum for ‘roundworms’ (these are usually parasites)?
A
Nematoda
17
Q
What is a critter without a backbone called?
A
Invertebrate
18
Q
What structure covers fish gills?
A
Operculum
19
Q
What structure feeds the baby after it is born?
A
Mammary glands
20
Q
What is the gritty tongue-like structure in some animals (mainly mollusca)?
A
Radula
21
Q
What type of skeleton is tough but flexible?
A
Cartilage
22
Q
What is the structure that allows fish to float?
A
Swim bladder
23
Q
What is a mammal that uses a pouch for its babies?
A
Marsupial
24
Q
What does it mean to be cold-blooded?
A
Animals rely on external heat sources
25
What is asexual reproduction in sponges called?
Budding
26
What is the hard and firm structure found in many animals?
Bone
27
What is the name of the stinger cell found in certain animals?
Nematocyte
28
What is a mammal that lays eggs called?
Monotreme
29
What is the term for having both male and female parts?
Hermaphrodite
30
What is the phylum with no symmetry?
Porifera
31
What are the two phyla that have radial symmetry?
Cnidaria, Echinodermata
32
What are the characteristics of a chordate?
* Spinal cord
* A gland that uses iodine
* Tubes in throat
Post anal tube
33
What is a k species and what is an R species?
k species: low birth rates, offspring are cared for
R species: very high birth rates, off spring usually don't survive
34
What protein makes scales and beaks?
Keratin
35
What structure is made of vertebral bones in people?
Spine
36
What does it mean to be warm-blooded?
An animal creates its own body heat
37
Dermal Tissue Jobs
Vascular Tissue Jobs
Meristem Tissue
Ground Tissue
Dermal Tissue Jobs: protection
Vascular Tissue Jobs: transportation
Meristem Tissue: growth
Ground Tissue: photosynthesis, storage, structure
38
What term describes the process of thinking about thinking?
Metacognition
39
What is the term for a jack-shaped structure in sponges?
Spicule
40
What is the ecological role of fungi?
Decomposers
## Footnote
Fungi break down organic matter, returning nutrients to the soil and helping to recycle matter in ecosystems.
41
Provide three uses that humanity has found for fungi.
* People eat mushrooms
* Penicillin is made from fungi
* Athletes' foot treatment
42
What do fungi reproduce with?
Spores
43
Provide three ways that fungi have found to harm humanity.
* Chestnut blight
* Athlete's foot
* Ergotism
44
What is the basic tissue that makes fungi?
Hyphae
45
What is a big mass of hyphae called?
Mycelium
46
Give three examples of fungi.
* Yeast
* Mold
* Mushrooms
47
Give a difference between fungi and plants.
Fungi are heterotrophic while plants are autotrophic.
48
Give two differences between fungi and animals.
* Fungi are non-motile, animals are motile
* Fungi reproduce with spores, animals do not
49
How does mycorrhizae help both plants and fungus? Give a benefit for each one.
* Fungus benefits: They get something to decompose and receive nutrients from it.
* Plants benefit: They also receive nutrients and can get it from the fungus.
50
True or False: All fungi reproduce sexually.
False
51
True or False: Fungi are an important source of oxygen in the environment.
False
52
True or False: Fungi are eukaryotic.
True
53
True or False: There is more diversity in the fungi kingdom than among others.
True
54
True or False: Fungi eat their food by digesting it inside of their body.
False
55
Name One Virus, One, Bacteria Disease, and one Protist Disease
B- Salmonella
V- Chickenpox
P- Dysentery
56
What is the life cycle of a virus?
APRAR
Attachment- the virus attaches to a host
Penetration- The virus's enzymes break down the cell wall. THen the virus inserts its genetic material.
Replication- The virus hijacks the host and forces it to make proteins
Assembly- the proteins assemble into new viruses
Release- the cell bursts and the viruses go everywhere, ready to replicate
57
Which kingdom is eukaryotic, heterotrophic, generally multicellular, and immotile?
Fungi
## Footnote
Fungi obtain their nutrients by absorbing organic matter.
58
Generally speaking, plants are decomposed by...
Fungi
59
Generally speaking, animals are decomposed by...
Bacteria
## Footnote
Bacteria also contribute to the breakdown of animal remains.
60
Which kingdom is eukaryotic, autotrophic, generally multicellular, and immotile?
Plants
## Footnote
Plants produce their own food through photosynthesis.
61
What is the cell wall of fungi made of?
Chitin
## Footnote
Cell walls of fungi are distinct from those of plants and bacteria, which are made of cellulose and peptidoglycan, respectively.
62
What is an example of a unicellular fungus?
Yeast
## Footnote
Yeast is commonly used in baking and brewing.
63
Whar is an example of a spore producing plant?
Seed producing?
Spore- Fern
Seed- Conifer
64
What are the primary reservoirs for...
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Carbon
Water
N- atmosphere
P- rocks
C- biomass
W- Ocean
65
True or False: Fungi can photosynthesize.
False
## Footnote
Fungi are heterotrophic and do not perform photosynthesis.
66
True or False: Fungi are normally multicellular.
True
## Footnote
Most fungi, like mushrooms, are multicellular, although some, like yeast, are unicellular.
67
True or False: Yeast is a kind of fungus.
True
68
True or False: Many, but not all fungi, can reproduce sexually.
True
## Footnote
Fungi can reproduce both sexually and asexually, depending on the species and environmental conditions.
69
True or False: Spores from fungi are in the air in the classroom right now.
True
## Footnote
Fungal spores are ubiquitous in the environment and can easily become airborne.
70
True or False: Athlete's foot is an infection of fungi.
True
71
True or False: Fungi and algae live together in mycorrhiza.
False
## Footnote
Mycorrhiza refers specifically to the symbiotic association between fungi and plant roots, not algae.
72
In decomposition, nutrients are returned thanks to _______.
Fungi
73
True or False: All fungi reproduce sexually.
False
## Footnote
Fungi can reproduce both sexually and asexually, and not all species reproduce in the same manner.
74
What does it mean to be ubiquitous?
A creature can live pretty much anywhere and still thrive.
75
A mouse making a nest in grass without harming the grass is an example of _______.
Commensalism
| +, 0
## Footnote
In commensalism, one species benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed
76
A vampire bat drinking the blood of a horse is an example of _______.
Parasitism
## Footnote
Parasitism involves one organism benefiting at the expense of another
77
A clownfish cleaning a sea anemone in which it lives is an example of _______.
Mutualism
| +,+
## Footnote
Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit
78
An apple tree would be classified as a _______.
Producer
## Footnote
Producers are organisms that create their own food, typically through photosynthesis
79
A horse would be classified as a _______.
Primary consumer
## Footnote
Primary consumers are herbivores that eat producers
80
A lion would be classified as a _______.
Secondary consumer
## Footnote
Secondary consumers are organisms that eat primary consumers
81
Which organelle is found in plants but not in prokaryotes? _______.
Cell wall
## Footnote
The cell wall provides structure and protection to plant cells
82
Density
Random v. Uniform v. Clumped
Random- very random, no uniform or clustering, ex: dandelions
Uniform- consistent throughout all the population ex: suburbs
Clumped- high density in small areas ex: A city packed full of people
## Footnote
Molds are fungi, not bryophytes, which include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
83
Rubisco is used to _______.
Capture CO2 from the atmosphere
## Footnote
Rubisco is crucial for the process of photosynthesis
84
This phylum of plants reproduces with spores: _______.
Ferns
## Footnote
Ferns reproduce via spores rather than seeds
85
This is the largest and most diverse phylum of the plant kingdom: _______.
Flowering plants
## Footnote
Flowering plants, or angiosperms, encompass a vast variety of species
86
This is the reservoir of the carbon cycle
Biomass
87
This is the reservoir of the nitrogen cycle
Atmosphere
88
This is the reservoir of the phosphorus cycle
Rocks
89
The principal decomposer of animals
Bacteria
90
What are the functions of the four main tissues?
Dermal- protection
Vascular - transportation
Meristem- growth
Ground- photosynthesis, storage, support
91
What is the difference between a bryophyte and a tracheophyte? Provide an example for each.
A bryophyte has no vascular tissue- moss
A tracheophyte has vascular tissue- fern
92
What is the difference between a gymnosperm and an angiosperm? Provide an example of each
Gymnosperm- naked seed- conifer
Angiosperm- vesseled seed- flowering plant
93
What is the great chain of being?
SAMMOCT OOO PCEBB
Subatomic particles
Atoms
Molecules
Macromolecules
Organelles
Cells
Tissues
Organ
Organ system
Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biome
Biosphere
94
The gatekeeper of the cell
Cell membrane
95
What organelle makes atp
Mitochondria
96
What organelle houses DNA
Nucleus
97
What organelle is the site of protein assembly
Ribosome
98
What are the three relationships to oxygen?
Aerobic- need oxygen, likes it
Facultative anaerobe- doesn't need it, will use if there
Obligate anaerobe- oxygen is poison to it
99
What are the three bacterial shapes?
Round/spherical: Cocci
Rod: Bocilli
Spiral- spirillium
100
Viruses
Not living things but pretty close
Basically organic robots programmed to do a specific task
Outer shell: capsid, made of protein
Inner shell: DNA or RNA
No cells
101
Bacteria
Alive
Prokaryotes
Unicellular
Helped with antibiotics
102
Protists
Alive
Eukaryotic
Unicellular
Two groups: animal-like, must find food, plant-like, autotrophic
103
What are Carl Linnaeus's contributions to taxonomy?
Hierarchical organization
Binomial nomenclature
Belief in order in nature due to an organized creator
104
Aggregate fruit
Strawberry raspberry
105
Hesperidium
Lemon orange lime
106
Nuts
Acorn Chestnut hazelnut
107
Pome
Apple pear
108
Grain
Corn wheat barley rye
109
Samara
Maple "helicopter"
110
Legume
Peanut, pea, beans
111
Berry
Tomato, banana, grape
112
Pepo
Cucumber, pumpkin
113
Drupe
Peach, plum, coconut
114
Neutral interaction
-O,O
Basically no interaction
115
Mutualism
- +,+
Both species are helped
116
Commensalism
- +,0
One creature is helped the other isn't affected
117
Competition
-,-
Creatures compete for land and resources
118
Amensalism
0,-
One creature's harmed because of another creature's presence
119
Antibiosis
0,-
One creature is harmed because of another creature's presence. This harm is intentional
120
Synnecrosis
-,-
Results in death or harm for both creatures
121
Predation
+,-
A predator and a prey. The predator actively kills the prey for benefit
122
Parasitism
+,-
Feeds off another organism harming it but not killing it. Lives directly off the host
123
Parasitoidism
+,-
The host is eventually killed by the parasite as it develops
124
What are the five kingdoms?
Animal
Plant
Fungi
Protist
Monera
125
Beaver Fever
Protist
126
Herpes
Virus
127
Chickenpox
Virus
128
Dysentery
Protist
129
Ebola
Virus
130
Red Tides
Protist
131
Warts
Virus
132
Streptococcus
Bacteria
133
Tetanus
Bacteria
134
Meningitis
Bacteria
135
Botulism
Bacteria
136
Cholera
Bacteria
137
Malaria
Protist
138
MRSA
Bacteria
139
Polio
Virus
140
The Cold
Virus
141
E. coli
Bacteria
142
Many cancers
Virus
143
Influenza
Virus
144
Covid-19
Virus
145
Smallpox
Virus
146
Diphtheria
Bacteria
147
HIV
Virus
148
Salmonella
Bacteria
149
Rabies
Virus
150
What is the structure of bacteria?
-One chromosome
- Cytoplasm- ribosomes are made of proteins
- 3 layers of their outsides:
- Cell membrane: gatekeeper of the cell
- Cell wall: gives structure
- Glycocalyx: layer of protection made of carbs, usually bad bacteria have glycocalyx
