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Honors Chem Vocab > Honors Chem Vocab 2.0 > Flashcards

Honors Chem Vocab 2.0 Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Atomic mass unit

A

a unit of mass used to express atomic and molecular weights

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2
Q

Average atomic mass

A

of an element is the weighted average mass of the atoms in a naturally occurring sample of the element.

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3
Q

Mole (mol)

A

The number equal to the number of carbon atoms

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4
Q

Avogadro’s number

A

The number of atoms in exactly

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5
Q

Conceptual problem solving

A

It is our purpose in this text to help you learn to solve problems in a flexible, creative way based on understanding the fundamental ideas of chemistry.

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6
Q

Molar mass

A

The mass in grams of 1 mole of a compound

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7
Q

Mass percent

A

Weight Percent, which expresses the mass of solute present in a given mass of solution.

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8
Q

Empirical formula

A

The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound

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9
Q

Molecular formula

A

The exact formula of a molecule, giving the types of atoms and the number of each type

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10
Q

Energy

A

The capacity to do work or to cause the flow of heat.

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11
Q

Potential Energy

A

Energy due to position or composition.

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12
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

Energy due to the motion of an object.

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13
Q

Law of Conservation of Energy

A

Energy can be converted from one form to another but can be neither created nor destroyed.

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14
Q

Work

A

Force working over a distance.

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15
Q

State Function

A

A property that is independent of the pathway.

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16
Q

Temperature

A

Measure of the random motions (average kinetic energy) of the components of a substance.

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17
Q

Heat

A

The flow of energy due to a temperature difference.

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18
Q

System

A

That part of the universe on which attention is being focused.

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19
Q

Surroundings

A

Everything in the universe surrounding a thermodynamic system.

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20
Q

Exothermic

A

Refers to a process in which energy(as heat) flows out of the system into the surroundings.

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21
Q

Endothermic

A

Refers to a process in which energy (as heat) flows from the surroundings into the system.

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22
Q

Thermodynamics

A

The study of Heat energy.

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23
Q

First law of thermodynamics

A

A law stating that the energy of the universe is constant.

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24
Q

Internal Energy

A

The sum of the kinetic and potential energies of all particles in the system.

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25
Calorie
A unit of measurement for energy;1 calorie is the quantity of energy required to heat 1 gram of water by 1 Celsius degree.
26
Joule
A unit of measurement for energy; 1 calorie = 4.184 joules.
27
Specific Heat Capacity
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one celsius degree.
28
Enthalpy
At constant pressure, a change in enthalpy equals the energy flow as heat.
29
Calorimeter
A device used to determine the heat associated with a chemical or physical change.
30
Hess's Law
The change in enthalpy in going from a given set of reactants to a given set of products does not depend on the number of steps in the reaction.
31
Fossil Fuels
Fuels that consist of carbon-based molecules derived from decomposition of once-living organisms; coal, petroleum, or natural gas.
32
Petroleum
A thick, dark liquid composed mostly of hydrocarbon compounds.
33
Natural Gas
A gaseous fossil fuel mostly consisting of methane and usually associated with petroleum deposits.
34
Coal
A solid fossil fuel mostly consisted of carbon.
35
Greenhouse Effect
The warming effect exerted by certain molecules in the earth's atmosphere (particularly carbon dioxide and water).
36
Energy Spread
In a given process, concentrated energy is dispersed widely.
37
Matter Spread
The molecules of a substance are spread out and occupy a larger volume.
38
Entropy
A function used to keep track of the natural tendency for the components of the universe to become disordered; a measure of disorder and randomness.
39
Second Law of Thermodynamics
The entropy of the Universe is always increasing.
40
Spontaneous Process
A process that occurs in nature without outside intervention; it happens 'on its own'.
41
Electromagnetic radiation
Radiation that has both electric and magnetic fields and travels in waves.
42
Wavelength
The distance between successive crests of a wave, especially points in a sound wave or electromagnetic wave.
43
Frequency
The rate at which something occurs or is repeated over a particular period of time or in a given sample.
44
Photons
A particle representing a quantum of light or other electromagnetic radiation. A photon carries energy proportional to the radiation frequency but has zero rest mass.
45
Quantized energy levels
Result from the wave behavior of particles, which gives a relationship between a particle's energy and its wavelength.
46
Wave mechanical model
Instead of well-defined circular orbits, electrons orbit an atomic nucleus in clouds, and the electrons within the clouds behave like a wave instead of like single electrons.
47
Orbital
A wave function that describes properties characteristic of no more than two electrons in the vicinity of an atomic nucleus or of a system of nuclei as in a molecule.
48
Principle energy levels
The shell or orbital in which the electron is located relative to the atom's nucleus.
49
Sublevels
A subdivision within an electron shell or energy level in an atom.
50
Pauli exclusion principle
That no two electrons in the same atom can have identical values for all four of their quantum numbers.
51
Electron configuration
Describe where electrons are located around the nucleus of an atom.
52
Orbital diagram
Similar to a box diagram.
53
Box diagram
In which orbitals are represented by boxes grouped by sub level with small arrows indicating the electrons.
54
Valence electrons
The electrons in the outermost occupied principal quantum level of an atom.
55
Core electrons
Inner electrons in an atom; not in the outermost (valence) principal quantum level.
56
Lanthanide series
A group of fourteen elements following lanthanum on the periodic table, in which the 4f orbitals are being filled.
57
Actinide series
A group of fourteen elements following actinium on the periodic table, in which the 5f orbitals are being filled.
58
Main-group elements
The elements in Groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8.
59
Representative elements
Elements in the group labeled 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 on the periodic table. The group number gives the sum of the valence s and p electrons.
60
Metals
Elements that give up electrons relatively easily and are typically lustrous, malleable, and good conductors of heat and electricity.
61
Nonmetals
Elements that do not exhibit metallic characteristics. Chemically, a typical nonmetal accepts electrons from a metal.
62
Metalloids
An element that has both metallic and nonmetallic properties.
63
Ionization energy
The quantity of energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion.
64
Atomic size
The distance between the centre of the nucleus of an atom and its outermost shell.
65
Convection
Heat that is transferred by movement of a fluid
66
Absolute zero
The lowest possible temperature on the kelvin scale where all molecules would stop
67
Freezing Point
1 atm pressure, water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius
68
Boiling Point
1 atm pressure, liquid water always changes to gaseous water at 100 degrees Celsius

Honors Chem Vocab (2 decks)

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