Honors Civics Semester Exam Flashcards
(79 cards)
1
Q
1st amendment
A
protects the five freedoms- RAPPS
Religon, assembly, press,petition, speech (expression)
2
Q
2nd amendment
A
protects the right to bear arms
3
Q
3rd amendment
A
outlaws quartering
4
Q
4th amendment
A
no unreasonable search
5
Q
5th amendment
A
rights of the accused
6
Q
6th amendment
A
guarantees a speedy trial
7
Q
7th amendment
A
guarntes trial by jury and civil suits
8
Q
8th amendment
A
no cruel or unusual punishment
9
Q
9th amendment
A
the unspoken rights
10
Q
10th amendment
A
creates the reserved powers
11
Q
totalitarian
A
when the government has an excessive amount of control over its citizens
12
Q
social contract
A
John Locke’s theory that we give up some freedom in order to protect us from others
13
Q
naturalization
A
the process to become a citizen
14
Q
liberal
A
the idea that more government can resolve social issues
15
Q
suffrage
A
the ability to vote
16
Q
succession
A
the order in which officials would replace other officials if they died or had to step down
17
Q
bicameral
A
means two chambers
18
Q
lame duck
A
a official who lost reelection
19
Q
due process
A
a legal hearing or fair trial
20
Q
prohibition
A
the illegalization of a substance
21
Q
federalism
A
the dividing of power between a national governement and state governments
22
Q
gerrymandering
A
the unfair drawing of political districts for one parties advantage
23
Q
fillibuster
A
giving lengthy speeches in order to stop a bill formpassing, generally done in the senate
24
Q
pardon
A
presidential forgiveness for a crime
25
judicial review
when the Supreme court examines an act of government based off the Constitution
26
line item veto
the ability of a governor to cancel parts of a bill
27
referndum
when citizens are asked to directly vote on an issue, such as a tax raise
28
pork
excessive spending added to a a bill
29
hung jury
when a jury cannot reach a decision
30
naturalization
the process to become a citizen
31
common law
law based off of precedent and past rulings
32
statutory law
law written by a legislative body (such as Congress)
33
quota
a limited number such as off immigrants
34
open shore
a policy where anyone who wants to immigrate are allowed to enter the county (pre 1900s USA)
35
John Locke
Created the human rights and social contract
36
Thomas Jefferson
primary author of Deceleration of Indpendence
37
Republic
an indirect democracy where we elect officials to make decisions
38
Articles of Confederation
a weak form of government before the Constitution were students were loosely tied toghther
39
Anti-Federalist
opponents to the Constitution, who feared federal government
40
Length of term for Supreme Court Justices
Life-federal 10 years- state
41
Secretary of State
For the federal government- conduct international relationsFor the state of Illinois- record keeper
42
defendant
someone accused of a crime
43
Chinese exclusion act
1st american immigration law- stopped all Chinese immigration into the US
44
delegated power
a power identified in the Constitution as a federal power
45
concurrent power
a power shared between state and federal government
46
reserved power
a power that is not identified in the Constitution, therefore is a state power
47
president of the senate
aka the Vice President, breaks ties in the senate
48
president pro tempore
substitute for the president of the senate
49
speaker of the house
presiding officer of the house of representatives
50
Miranda rights
rights read to people upon arrest
51
reasonable doubt
if there is any chance that someone did not commit a crime they are to be ruled
52
comptroller
manages the account balance for the state
53
checks and balances
the process by which one branch of government cancelsthe powers of others
54
popular soverignty
the idea that people rule
55
mayor council plan
the most common form of local government with a legislative branch and executive branch
56
property tax
a tax put on the value of property, in Illinosi one of the primary sources of school funding
57
Connecticut Compromise
during the Constitution this created a bicameral government to satisfy debate between large states and small states
58
General assembly
the legislative branch of Illinois
59
The State Department
In charge of foreign affairs
60
Elastic clause
aka the General welfare clause, allows Congress to make any law neccessary for the well being of the US
61
Clear and Present Danger clause
speech that could endanger others by creating panic, such as shouting fire in a crowded theater
62
Progressive tax
a tax which increases percentage of tax as income increases, such as the income tax
63
64
65
proportional tax
a tax where everyone pays the same percent of their income
66
regressive tax
a tax where the percent of income pays as income decreases, such as a set fee.- e.g. licensce plates
67
estate tax
a tax on peoples belngings after their death
68
excise tax
sometimes called a sin tax, put on goods to reduce sale of it, such as the cigarette tax
69
Voting Rights
Overtime it has varied greatly- because voting is a stet power. Originally only white land owning men could vote. Many amendments have changed this, even some states has denied voting after amendments.. such as grand father cluases, literacy tests etc.
70
Explain compromises to the Constitution.
The Great compromise- bicameral legislature
The Bill fo Rights- to settle Anti-Federalist fears
3/5 compromise- to settles disputes about counting slaves for representation
71
Differences between the Illinois Constitution and US Constitution
Illinois is newer- 1970, has 14 articles, Governor has unlimited terms, both have a bill of rights
72
Differences between democratc and republicans
Dems- liberal, more government, cost more, so more tax or debt
Rep-conservative, less govt., less tax
73
supply side economics
the belief that it is important to set the correct tax rate
believes in the Laffer curve
tcalled trickle down economics
popular with conservatives
74
demand side economics
the belief that in times of economic trouble the govt needs to spend and go into debt
Called keynsian economics
Believes in the multiplier effect
more popular amongst liberals
75
precedent
past court rulings- basis for common law
76
ex post facto
making an act illegal after the fact, not allowed in the US Constitution
77
jus sanguinis
the rule of blood, if eithe rof your parents are citizens you are born a citizen
78
jus soili
the rule of soil, people born on American soil are born citizens, created by the 14th amendment, creates the anchor baby problem
79
the five freedoms
speech
press
religon
assembly
petition
and press- be able to explain each
