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honors finals 2025 > Honors US History I Final > Flashcards

Honors US History I Final Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a captain of industry?

A

A business leader who positively contributes to the economy, often through philanthropy.

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2
Q

What is a robber baron?

A

A business leader who exploits workers and engages in unethical practices.

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3
Q

What does philanthropy mean?

A

The desire to promote the welfare of others, often through charitable donations.

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4
Q

What is social Darwinism?

A

The belief that the strongest individuals or groups will thrive in society.

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5
Q

What is laissez faire?

A

An economic philosophy advocating minimal government intervention in business.

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6
Q

What are rebates and drawbacks?

A

Rebates are partial refunds to customers, while drawbacks are refunds on duties paid for imported goods.

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7
Q

What does it mean to immigrate?

A

To move to a new country with the intention of settling there.

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8
Q

What does it mean to emigrate?

A

To leave one’s country to live in another.

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9
Q

What are pogroms?

A

Violent riots aimed at the persecution of a particular ethnic or religious group.

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10
Q

What is assimilation?

A

The process by which individuals or groups adopt the culture of another group.

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11
Q

What is Ellis Island?

A

A historic immigration station in New York Harbor where millions of immigrants entered the United States.

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12
Q

What is steerage?

A

The lowest class of accommodation on a ship, often used by immigrants.

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13
Q

Who were nativists?

A

Individuals who favor native inhabitants over immigrants.

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14
Q

What are tenements?

A

Overcrowded and often unsafe apartment buildings in urban areas.

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15
Q

What are ethnic neighborhoods?

A

Areas where people of similar cultural backgrounds live together.

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16
Q

What were the Emergency Quota Acts?

A

Laws that limited immigration to the United States based on national origins.

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17
Q

What is the Gilded Age?

A

A period of rapid economic growth and social problems in the late 19th century.

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18
Q

What are bribes and kickbacks?

A

Bribes are payments made to influence decisions, while kickbacks are returns of a portion of money received to the payer.

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19
Q

What was the Progressive Era?

A

A period of social activism and political reform in the United States from the 1890s to the 1920s.

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20
Q

Who were muckrakers?

A

Journalists who exposed corruption and social issues in the early 20th century.

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21
Q

What is ‘How the Other Half Lives’?

A

A book by Jacob Riis that documented the living conditions of the urban poor.

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22
Q

What is ‘The Jungle’?

A

A novel by Upton Sinclair that exposed the meatpacking industry and led to reforms.

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23
Q

What is socialism?

A

An economic system where the means of production are owned and regulated by the community.

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24
Q

What are tabloids?

A

Newspapers that focus on sensational news stories and gossip.

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25
What is yellow journalism?
Sensationalized news reporting that exaggerates or fabricates stories.
26
What was the Roosevelt Corollary?
An extension of the Monroe Doctrine asserting the right of the U.S. to intervene in Latin America.
27
What was the Big Stick Policy?
Teddy Roosevelt's foreign policy approach that emphasized military strength.
28
What is Dollar Diplomacy?
A foreign policy that aimed to use economic power to achieve foreign policy goals.
29
What was Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction?
Lincoln's plan aimed for a lenient approach to reintegrate Southern states after the Civil War.
30
How did President Johnson's plan for Reconstruction differ from Lincoln's?
Johnson's plan was more lenient towards the South and lacked protections for freed slaves.
31
What were Black codes?
Laws passed in the South to restrict the rights of newly freed African Americans.
32
What generally happened during Reconstruction?
A period of rebuilding the South and integrating freed slaves into society.
33
How did Reconstruction officially come to an end?
With the Compromise of 1877, which resulted in the withdrawal of federal troops from the South.
34
What were the effects of sharecropping?
Sharecropping often led to a cycle of debt and poverty for African American farmers.
35
What was the status of African Americans in the South at the end of Reconstruction?
African Americans faced systemic discrimination and limited rights after Reconstruction.
36
What were the Amendments passed during the period of Reconstruction?
The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments, which abolished slavery, granted citizenship, and protected voting rights.
37
To what extent was Reconstruction both a success and failure for African Americans?
Reconstruction achieved some legal rights but failed to provide true equality or economic opportunity.
38
What was the decision in Plessy v. Ferguson?
The Supreme Court upheld racial segregation under the 'separate but equal' doctrine.
39
What were some parts of traditional Native American beliefs?
Beliefs often included a deep connection to nature and communal living.
40
How did the US government attempt to defeat the Great Plains Indians?
By using military force and implementing policies that aimed to assimilate Native Americans.
41
What were the purposes of the Dawes Act?
To assimilate Native Americans by allotting them individual plots of land.
42
What was the main purpose of the Homestead Act?
To encourage westward expansion by providing land to settlers.
43
How did the railroads contribute to the settlement of the Great Plains?
Railroads facilitated transportation of goods and people, promoting settlement.
44
Were western states the first to grant women's suffrage?
Yes, many western states granted women the right to vote before the 19th Amendment.
45
What were some hardships faced by farmers on the Great Plains?
Drought, pests, and economic instability were common challenges.
46
What happened to crop prices throughout the latter part of the 1800s?
Crop prices generally declined, leading to financial difficulties for farmers.
47
How did the Populist Party attempt to address the problems of Great Plains farmers?
By advocating for bimetallism and government regulation of railroads.
48
What were some actions of industrialists that led to them being labeled robber barons?
Exploiting workers, monopolizing industries, and engaging in unethical business practices.
49
How did Standard Oil often get the best of its competitors?
By using aggressive pricing strategies and securing favorable deals with railroads.
50
What happened at the Triangle Shirtwaist factory?
A fire led to the deaths of many workers, resulting in reforms in labor laws.
51
What were push and pull factors for immigration to the United States at the end of the 19th century?
Push factors included poverty and persecution, while pull factors included job opportunities and freedom.
52
Why is the latter part of the 1800s called the Gilded Age?
It was marked by economic growth and social issues hidden beneath a surface of prosperity.
53
When was the Chinese Exclusion Act passed?
In 1882, it effectively limited Chinese immigration to the United States.
54
How effective was the Chinese Exclusion Act?
It was highly effective in drastically reducing Chinese immigration.
55
When was the Gentlemen's Agreement passed?
In 1907, it limited Japanese immigration to the United States.
56
How did the Gentlemen's Agreement affect immigration?
It restricted Japanese immigration while allowing existing immigrants to remain.
57
How did Nativists limit immigration to the US during the 1920s?
Through legislation such as the Immigration Act of 1924, which set quotas.
58
How was the Progressive Era a response to the Gilded Age?
It aimed to address the social and economic issues that arose during the Gilded Age.
59
What was the general belief of progressives?
That government should play an active role in solving social problems.
60
What is the purpose of political reforms like the initiative, recall, and referendum?
To increase direct democracy and allow citizens to have a greater voice in government.
61
What were the Amendments passed during the Progressive Era?
The 16th (income tax), 17th (direct election of senators), 18th (prohibition), and 19th (women's suffrage) Amendments.
62
What were some of the best achievements of Teddy Roosevelt's presidency?
Trust-busting, conservation efforts, and the establishment of national parks, Panama Canal
63
What were the causes of imperialism?
Economic interests, national pride, and the belief in cultural superiority.
64
What were the results of the Spanish-American War?
The U.S. gained territories like Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
65
What was the US policy towards Latin America during the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
The U.S. sought to exert influence and control through military and economic means.
66
How did President Teddy Roosevelt get the land to build the Panama Canal?
By supporting a revolution in Panama and negotiating a treaty with the new government.
67
What were the causes of WWI?
Militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism.
68
What happened as a result of Germany's sinking of the Lusitania?
It increased anti-German sentiment and contributed to the U.S. entering WWI.
69
Why did the US enter WWI?
Due to unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmermann Telegram.
70
What should you know in more detail?
Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address, the impact of 'How the Other Half Lives', Boss Tweed's political influence, and Nativist policies.
71
What is the Populist push for bimetallism?
A movement advocating for the use of both gold and silver to back currency.
72
What was Teddy Roosevelt's Square Deal?
A domestic program aimed at consumer protection, conservation, and curbing corporate excess.
73
What was Teddy Roosevelt's stance on business trusts?
He believed in regulating monopolies to protect public interests.

honors finals 2025 (2 decks)

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