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Hoof Anatomy > Hoof Anatomy > Flashcards

Hoof Anatomy Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

What is the A on Image 1 and what is its function

A

Coronary Band
Secretes the Horny tissue that makes up the hoof

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2
Q

What type of cells make up the Hoof?

A

Keratinized epithelial cells

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3
Q

What is C in Image 1?

A

Hoof Wall

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4
Q

What affects the thickness of the hook wall?

A

1) Type of animal,
2) Nutrition
3) Environment

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5
Q

How much does a hoof grow per month?

A

5mm

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6
Q

Where does the hoof grow from?

A

Coronary Band

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7
Q

What happens if there is damage to the Coronary Band?

A

Damage to this band can cause deformities of the hoof wall

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8
Q

What is D on Image 1?

A

Heel bulb

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9
Q

what is the function of the heel bulb?

A

1) Support and cushioning as the cow walks

2) Aids in pumping blood through the hoof

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10
Q

What is B on Image 1?

A

Periople

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11
Q

What is the function of the Periople

A

Outside of the hoof
Protects the moisture within the hoof

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12
Q

What is the Corium made of?

A

Blood vessels
Nerves

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13
Q

What is the function of the corium?

A

Provides nutrition for the hoof

Produces the Sole of the Hoof

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14
Q

What is A on image 2?

A

The Corium

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15
Q

The Sole of a hoof is produced by what?

A

the corium

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16
Q

What is the White Line?

A

Flexible junction between sole and hoof wall that
Marks the end of the sole & the beginning of the hoof wall

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17
Q

What is A on image 3?

A

Coronary Band

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18
Q

What is B on image 3?

A

Pedal Bone

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19
Q

What is C on image 3?

A

Hoof wall

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20
Q

What is D on image 3?

A

Sole

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21
Q

What is E on image 3?

A

Digital Cushion

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22
Q

What is F on Image 3?

A

Heel bulb

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23
Q

What does artiodactyl mean?

A

even toed animals

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24
Q

What structures does the horse hoof have that artiodactyls (cattle and other even toes animals) do not have?

A

Bars and Frog

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25
What is A on image 4?
Heel bulb
26
What is C on image 4?
White line
27
What is D on image 4?
Frog It is A Highly elastic wedge-shaped mass Middle of the sole V-shaped
28
What is the function of the frog?
Contacts the ground surface as the animal travels Helps the blood circulate in the foot
29
What is B on Image 4?
Bars Bars run on either side of the frog
30
What the function of bars?
1) Provide stable suspension as the animal’s foot impacts the ground 2) Grabs’ to ground to help with speed
31
What is E on image 4?
Cleft Central groove of the frog that runs down the middle
32
what is the function of the cleft?
Aids in flexion and grip
33
What is the pedal bone is horses referred to as?
The Coffin Bone
34
What is A on image 5?
Long Pastern Bone
35
What is B on image 5?
Extensor Tendon
36
What is C on image 5?
Flexor Tendon
37
What is D on image 5?
Short Pastern Bone
38
What is E on image 5?
Coronary Band
39
What is F on image 5?
Hoof wall
40
What is G on image 5?
White line
41
What is H on image 5?
Sole
42
What is I on image 5?
Frog
43
What is J in image 5?
Coffin bone ( remember this is an image of a horse hoof, if it was an image of a cattle hoof it would be the pedal Bone)
44
What is H on image 5?
Navicular bone Remember this is a picture of a horse hoof If picture of a cattle hoof it would be called the Distal Sesamoid Bone
45
What is A on image 6?
Cannon Bone Because this is a picture of a horse hoof If a picture of a cattle hoof it would be the Metacarpal
46
What is B on image 6?
Promixmal Sesmoid Bone Same name in horses and cattle :)
47
What is the function of the extensor tendon?
Extends the limb to place the limb on the ground
48
What is the function of the Flexor Tendon?
Flexes the limb to pick it up off the ground
49
Why is it important that hoofs are trimmed at the right length?
The bones in the hoof are meant to sit squarely inside the hoof, at an approximately 50 degree angle to the ground. If they are trimmed too short or left too long this changes the angle and the positioning of the bones in the hoof.
50
What are the consequences of overgrown hooves?
1) Lameness. 2) Discomfort. 3) Off - balance 4) Abnormal gait 5) Risk of infections - when the hoof is too long the ends are thin -since the ends are thin this can cause them to break-off allowing an opening for bacteria and viruses to enter
51
Why is hoof trimming so important in todays farming practices?
1) Farm flooring ( Hard, wet, slippy) 2) Less opportunity to go outside for exercise ( As a result of the number of animals) It comes down to the industrialization of the farming practises resulting in keeping an intensified number of animals indoors.
52
How does feed impact hoof growth?
Grains increase hoof growth rate
53
Do alfalfa and grasses impact hoof growth rates?
not as much as grain
54
what are some visual cues that a cow is NOT lame?
1) Flat back 2) No head bobbing 3)no Limping or reluctance to bear weight 4)Joints flex equally ( one leg isnt stiffer then the others) 5)Tracking up ( Rear feet almost land in foot prints left by the front feet) See slide 29 in the lab PowerPoint for a visual
55
What is laminitis?
Inflammation of the Lamellae
56
What does laminitis cause? and how?
It causes Lameness the inflammation of the tissue pushes on the pedal bone resulting in a change in the conformation of the hoof. see picture on slide 30 from lab PowerPoint
57
What is laminitis caused by?
1) Poor diet 2) Poor or interrupted blood flow
58
Laminitis is common in what type of farm animal?
Lactating cows
59
What are Stress or Event Rings?
They are deviation around the hoof wall from the coronary band caused by stress, poor diet or hoof problems/ Disease
60
What can producers do to ensure hoof health?
1) Good hoof trimming practices 2) Good nutrition 3) Good maintenance of floors and ground surfaces 4) Cleanliness 5) Foot baths 6) Daily gait checking by staff/farmer 7) Regular vet visits

Hoof Anatomy (1 decks)

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