Hoofdstuk 1

Question 1

Adaptions

Answer 1

Changes passed along in surviving & reproducing

Question 2

Charles Darwin

Answer 2

Introduced world to “evolution theory”

Question 3

Functionalism

Answer 3

Idea that mind came in excitence over course of evolution

Question 4

stream of conciousness

Answer 4

ever changing, continious series of thoughts

Question 5

Tirchener

Answer 5

user of the method structuralism. Understanding mind on scientific basis.

Question 6

Structuralism

Answer 6

Conciuos experience can be broken down into basic underlying components

Question 7

Psychological reasoning

Answer 7

using psychological research to examen people. how they think and understand errors they make

Question 8

relative comparisons

Answer 8

information that comes first has a strong influence on answer as well as how the question is framed

Question 9

views psychologist have on mind & body right now

Answer 9

mind arises from brain activity. It does not exist separately.

Question 10

Description brain

Answer 10

mental activity because of biological processes in the brain.

Question 11

introspection (1800)

Answer 11

people inspect and report on their own thoughts.

Question 12

why introspection?

Answer 12

willem wundt wanted conscious experiences

Question 13

critical thinking

Answer 13

question and evaluate information by using well supported evidence

Question 14

mind description

Answer 14

mental activity

Question 15

mind / body debate

Answer 15

mind and body separately or the mind is a subjective experience of the brain

Question 16

willem wundt

Answer 16

thought of reaction time because mental processes take time

Question 17

nature / nurture debate

Answer 17

are characteristics based on genes or product of education

Question 18

psychological science description

Answer 18

study through research of mind, brain & behavior

Question 19

Theory of rene descartes

Answer 19

“dualism” Mind & body can excist separately yet are intertwined

Question 20

behavior description

Answer 20

everything a human or animal does that is observable

Question 21

what is the problem with the introspection method

Answer 21

it is entirely subjective. personal to everybody.

Question 22

failing to judge source credibility description

Answer 22

never just go of on the words of an expert, they can make mistakes too. instead find evidence.

Question 23

Accepting after the fact explanations

Answer 23

wanting to make sense of the world so you come up with explanations

Question 24

believes of Leonardo da vinci

Answer 24

all sensory messages arive in 1 location in the brain. “sensus communis” home of thought and judgement.

Question 25

populair saying after idea of leonardo da vinci

Answer 25

common sense

Question 26

reasoning description

Answer 26

using evidence to draw conclusions

Question 27

taking mental shortcuts description

Answer 27

the easiest answer is the one you use.

Question 28

what is another word for using the easiest answer

Answer 28

heuristic answer

Question 29

seeing relationships that do not exist description

Answer 29

misconception that if two events happend at the same time they must be related

Question 30

confirmation bias description

Answer 30

only looking at evidence that supports your believes

Question 31

misunderstanding or not using statistics

Answer 31

you can calculate chance with statistics which gives you more information

Question 32

self-serving bias description

Answer 32

not seeing your own weakness, so trusting you are correct just because

Question 33

reasoning bias or hindsight bias description

Answer 33

we're good at explaining things things after the fact, we're not good at predicting

Question 34

Natural selection

Answer 34

changes that are adaptive are passed along and those that are not are not passed along. survival of the fittest

Question 35

Gestalt theory description

Answer 35

the perception of objects is subjective and dependent on context. to people can look at something and see something different

Question 36

Sigmund freud

Answer 36

founder of psychoanalysis

Question 37

description of psychoanalysis

Answer 37

human behavior determined by mental processes operating below the level of awareness

Question 38

description unconscious

Answer 38

below the level of awareness, subconscious

Question 39

method psychoanalysis

Answer 39

bringing unconscious content into consciousness to reveal conflicts. reading dreams etc

Question 40

John B Watson 1913

Answer 40

developed behaviorism

Question 41

description behaviorism

Answer 41

psychological approach that emphasizes the role of environmental forces in producing observable behavior

Question 42

Believes of watson

Answer 42

that humans and animals learn through environmental experiences

Question 43

cognitive psychology description

Answer 43

study of mental functions such as intelligence, thinking etc

Question 44

how did cognitive neuroscience emerge

Answer 44

cognitive psychologists joined with neuroscientists

Question 45

cognitive neuroscience description

Answer 45

study of the neural mechanisms underlying intelligence, thinking etc

Question 46

mid-twenty psychologie description

Answer 46

emphasizing on scientific approach to understanding how people are influenced by others

Question 47

description social psychology field

Answer 47

study of how people influence other peoples thoughts, feelings and actions.

Question 48

description personality psychology

Answer 48

study of people's characteristics thoughts, emotions and behaviors and how they vary in different situations

Question 49

rapid advancements in biological and environmental bases of psychological disorders is leading to

Answer 49

effective treatments so people can live normal lives

Question 50

biology emphasized in explaining psychological phenomena

Answer 50

brain chemistry, neuroscience & human genome

Question 51

brain chemistry description

Answer 51

hundreds of substances play role mental activity and behavior

Question 52

neuroscience description

Answer 52

research working brain performing vital functions. how do certain parts of the brain work together

Question 53

the human genome description

Answer 53

basic genetic code, how do specific genes affect thoughts, actions, feelings and disorders

Question 54

evolutionary thinking

Answer 54

solving adaptive problems, knowledge of ancestors helps explain certain behaviors

Question 55

culture

Answer 55

it shapes believes, rules and behaviors

Question 56

crossing levels analysis

Answer 56

explaining behaviors through different levels provides more complete picture of mental and behavioral processes

Question 57

level biology

Answer 57

how physical body contributes to mind and behavior

Question 58

level individual

Answer 58

individual differences and mental processes on perceiving the world

Question 59

level social

Answer 59

group context and interaction

Question 60

level cultural

Answer 60

people differences and similarities across cultures

Question 61

level ethnomusicology

Answer 61

study of cross cultural music preference

Question 62

level interdisciplinary

Answer 62

collaborating with researchers from other fields

Question 63

neuroscience/biology examen

Answer 63

how biological systems give rise to mental activity and behavior

Question 64

developmental psychologists

Answer 64

study how people change across life span

Question 65

clinical psychologists

Answer 65

interested in the factors that cause psychological disorders and how to treat them

Question 66

counseling psychologists

Answer 66

improve peoples daily life, more daily struggles than serious cases

Question 67

industrial and organizational psychologists

Answer 67

concerned with behavior and productivity in industry and workplace

Question 68

forensic psychologists

Answer 68

work in legal settings