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(Hopefully) High Yield Micro Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Toxin associated with pathogen that is pink on MacConkey agar and associated with recent travel

A

(Enterotoxigenic E coli)
Toxins = LT, ST
(LT = accumulation of cAMP; ST = accumulation of cGMP)

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2
Q

Attaching and effacing

A

Associate with EPEC (also occurs with EHEC, but that’s not the main virulence factor)

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3
Q

Antibiotic to use for patient with bloody diarrhea; pathogen is pink on MacConkey agar and when cultured on SMAC agar, does not fluoresce under UV light.

A

Do NOT use antibiotics! Can cause HUS.

EHEC does not ferment sorbitol due to lack of β-glucuronidase = no fluorescence.

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4
Q

“Stacked bricks” appearance

A

EAEC

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5
Q

Toxin associated with pathogen that is often acquired from contaminated hamburger

A 
Pathogen = EHEC
Toxin = STx
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6
Q

Pathogen that bears many similarities to Shigella spp.

A

EIEC:
Both cause dysentery, fever, stools with blood/pus/mucus. Both are non-motile and do not ferment lactose.

Shigella has a MUCH lower infectious dose than EIEC.

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7
Q

Three Gram (-) GI pathogens that use a Type III injection secretion system

A

Yersinia
Salmonella
Shigella

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8
Q

What is a major reason Shigella has such a low infectious dose?

A

Acid resistance - can survive the stomach

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9
Q

Buzzword: “ruffles” (associated with pathogenesis)

A

Salmonella

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10
Q

Which pathogen did we stress empiric antibiotic therapy for, and why?

A

Shigella: HUS is not more likely with antibiotic use in Shigella and individuals who are not treated can shed asymptomatically for 6 weeks

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11
Q

Associated with poultry and reptiles

A

Salmonella

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12
Q

Which pathogen is associated with a process that results in the formation of a “throne”?

A

EPEC, through the process of attaching and effacing

https://youtu.be/gnNFNI9_pT0

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13
Q

Association with feces from warm-blooded animals (think: dog poop)

A

Yersinia

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14
Q

Three Gram (-) curved rods

A

Helicobacter (more helical)
Vibrio (“comma shaped”)
Campylobacter

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15
Q

Association with Guillain Barre

A

Campylobacter

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16
Q

Association with shellfish

A

Vibrio

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17
Q

Treatment for H pylori

A

Quad or Triple therapy:
Quad: PPI + Metro + Tetra + Bismuth
Triple: PPI + Clarithromycin + (Amox or Metro)

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18
Q

Buzzword: “Seagull appearance”

A

Campylobacter

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19
Q

Gram (-) and Oxidase positive

A

Vibrio

Campylobacter

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20
Q

Positive string test

A

Vibrio

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21
Q

Mimics appendicitis, especially in kids

A

Yersinia

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22
Q

Associated with reactive arthritis

A

Yersinia

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23
Q

Frosted glass appearance

A

B cereus

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24
Q

Umbrella appearance on motility medium

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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25
Medium used to isolate Campylobacter
Skirrow medium
26
Microaerophilic pathogens
Campylobacter | H pylori
27
Urease positive Gram (-) pathogen
H pylori
28
Gram + pathogen and B-hemolysis
B cereus | Listeria
29
Gram + bacilli with association with disease in pregnant women
Listeria (why pregnant women should avoid soft cheeses and deli meats)
30
Tumbling motility
Listeria
31
Actin rocket tails
Listeria
32
Treatment for Listeria
Ampicillin, with or without gentamicin
33
Association with rice/pasta
B cereus (emetic, heat-stable enterotoxin)
34
Treatment for B cereus
Usually self-limiting but if antibiotic is needed, Vanco is first choice since resistance to PCN and B-lactams is common
35
How is Listeria diagnosed?
Isolation from blood, CSF, or focal lesions
36
Association with home-canned goods
C botulinum
37
Association with infants + raw honey
C botulinum
38
Spore-forming GI pathogens
``` Only G + bacilli: B cereus C perfringens C botulinum C diff ```
39
Spore-forming GI pathogens
Only G + bacilli: - Bacillus cereus - Clostridium spp - NOT Listeria
40
Associated with under-cooked pork and sweet potato
Enteritis necroticans
41
Difference between botulism in infants vs adults
Infants: transmitted via ingestion of spores Adults: transmitted via ingestion of pre-formed toxin.
42
Toxins associated with C diff, and their actions
Exotoxin A: brush border damage, causes watery diarrhea | Exotoxin B: depolymerizes actin, leading to pseudomembranous colitis
43
Tx for C diff
ORAL Vanco (not IV)
44
Onset of symptoms after ingestion of C perfringens?
8 - 12 hours; takes time for spores to germinate and release toxin
45
At what stage is entamoeba histolytica infectious vs diagnosed?
Infectious: cyst Diagnosed: cyst and trophozoite
46
Associated with liver abscess, RUQ pain
Entamoeba histolytica
47
Trophozoites with endocytosed RBCs on microscopy
Entamoeba histolytica
48
Drug used to clear Entamoeba cysts from the lumen
Paramycin
49
Buzzword: Hikers/campers drinking from stream
Giardia lamblia
50
Form of Giardia that is ingested
Cysts
51
MC parasite infection
Giardia lamblia
52
Buzzword: steatorrhea
Giardia lamblia; can caue vit A, D, E or K deficiency
53
"Falling leaf" motility
Giardia lamblia: trophozoites in stool demonstrate this motility pattern
54
MC organism found in AIDS patients with diarrhea
Cryptosporidium
55
Which portion of the GI does Cryptosporidium primarily affect?
Small intestine
56
Pathogen associated with perianal pruritus
Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm): female deposits eggs outside of anus at night, eggs hatch and crawl back inside Treat with albendazole
57
Buzzword: bare feet
- Necator americanus and Ancylostome duodenale (New World and Old World Hookworm) - Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm)
58
What will be present in a stool sample positive for Strongyloides stercoralis?
Larvae, not eggs! Eggs are laid into GI wall; larvae emerge and can pass into stool
59
Treatment for Strongyloides stercoralis
Ivermectin
60
Hosts associated with Taenia spp
Intermediate hosts: Taenia saginata = cattle Taenia solium = pigs Definitive hosts = humans
61
Cysticercosis vs Taeniasis
Taeniasis = ingesting the eggs of taenia spp. Causes GI problems. Cysticercosis = ingesting cysts of taenia; can affect any tissue of the body (including brain)
62
Treatment for cestode infections
Praziquantel
63
Pathogen associated with contaminated fish
Diphyllobothrium latum (Tapeworm) - transmitted via ingestion of fish containing pleorcercoid larvae
64
Hepatitis for which we have vaccines
A and B
65
ssRNA + hepatitis viruses
HAV (picornavirus); HCV (flavivirus) and HEV (hepevirus)

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