hormonal coordination

Question 1

Main endocrine glands:

Answer 1

Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, ovaries and testes.

Question 2

How does a hormone trace from the endocrine gland to the target organ?

Answer 2

In the bloodstream.

Question 3

What is the master gland?

Answer 3

Pituitary gland.

Question 4

What does the pituitary gland do and where is it located?

Answer 4

Secreted several hormones into the blood in response to body conditions.
It is located in the brain.

Question 5

What does the ADH do and where is it produced?

Answer 5

Affects the amount of urine produced by the kidney. Produced in the pituitary gland.

Question 6

Growth hormone, ADH, FSH, TSH are all produced from…

Answer 6

… the pituitary gland

Question 7

What does the FSH do?

Answer 7

Stimulated the ovaries to secrete oestrogen (female sex hormone).

Question 8

Which hormones act rapidly?

Answer 8

Adrenaline and Insulin.

Question 9

What monitors and controls the level of glucose in your blood and what detects the level of blood glucose?

Answer 9

Pancreas monitors and controls the level. Receptors in the pancreas detects the levels of blood glucose.

Question 10

What happens if there is too much glucose in the blood?

Answer 10

The pancreas produces hormone insulin.

Question 11

Which hormone reduces the level of glucose in the blood?

Answer 11

Insulin.

Question 12

What does the insulin do to the glucose?

Answer 12

Causes the glucose to move from the blood into the cells.

Question 13

What is excess glucose converter into?

Answer 13

Glycogen for storage.

Question 14

What happens when glycogen is full?

Answer 14

The glucose is stored as lipids which can eventually make someone obese.

Question 15

What does glucagon do and what is it released by?

Answer 15

(Released by the pancreas). Makes the glycogen in the liver to change into glucose. This glucose is released back into the blood.

Question 16

Define Type 1 diabetes.

Answer 16

If the pancreas produces no insulin or too little insulin, the blood glucose levels may become very high.

Question 17

Define Type 2 diabetes.

Answer 17

When the body does not respond to its own insulin. A significant factor in the development of Type 2 diabetes is obesity.

Question 18

Main way to treat Type 1 diabetes.

Answer 18

Injecting insulin before every meal to replace the hormone that is not made in the body.

Insulin injections or pump

Question 19

How to treat type 2 diabetes.

Answer 19

Main way:
- can be controlled by eating a balance diet, exercising and dieting if you are overweight. Reduce amount of carbohydrates in their diet

However if that doesn’t work:
You would be prescribed drugs which help insulin to work better, help the pancreas make more insulin cells it reduce the amount of glucose absorbed in the gut.

Question 20

Causes of adrenaline:

Answer 20

Causes your:

• mental awareness to increase
• your pupils dilate to let in more sunlight
• your heartbeat and breathing rate to increase
• stored glycogen in the liver to be converted into glucose for respiration

Question 21

What is adrenaline produced by?

Answer 21

Adrenal gland.

Question 22

Why is negative feedback important?

Answer 22

helps maintain a steady internal environment.

Question 23

How does the action of adrenaline help you escape from danger?

Answer 23

Increased supply of oxygen and glucose muscles allow more respiration there, providing more energy for muscles to contract so you can run fast

Question 24

What is the male and female sex hormone?

Answer 24

Male: Testosterone
Female: Oestrogen

Question 25

What is ovulation?

Answer 25

Every 28 days a mature egg is released from the ovary.

Question 26

What is oestrogen and testosterone produced by?

Answer 26

Oestrogen: ovaries Testosterone: testes

Question 27

Testosterone stimulates…

Answer 27

… sperm production.

Question 28

FSH, LH, oestrogen, progesterone are all involved in what?

Answer 28

The menstrual cycle of a woman.

Question 29

Female secondary sexual characteristics:

Answer 29

- breast development - skin darkens - brain changes and matures - menstruation begins - growth of underarm and pubic hair

Question 30

Male secondary sexual characteristics:

Answer 30

- growth of underarm and pubic hair - facial hair - testes grow and become active - chest broadens - voice breaks

Question 31

What does FSH and LH do?

Answer 31

FSH=Causes eggs in the ovary to mature. | LH=stimulates the release of the egg at ovulation

Question 32

What does oestrogen and progesterone stimulate?

Answer 32

The build up and maintenance of the uterus lining.

Question 33

Name the two hormones produced by the pituitary glands that are involved in controlling the menstrual cycle.

Answer 33

FSH and LH

Question 34

Which hormone inhibits FSH?

Answer 34

Oestrogen

Question 35

Name the two hormones found in contraceptive pills.

Answer 35

Oestrogen and progesterone

Question 36

The pill:

Answer 36

- inhibits FSH production so no eggs are released - stops the uterus lining developing, preventing implantation - make the mucus in the surface thick to prevent sperm from getting through 

Question 37

What can FSH and LH do for infertility treatments?

Answer 37

Can be used as a fertility drug to stimulate ovulation in women with low FSH levels.

Question 38

Disadvantages of fertility treatment:

Answer 38

- IVF is not always successful, which is emotionally and physically stressful. - Ethical issues if the mature egg or embryos are stored for future use - IVF is expensive for NHS and individuals

Question 39

Suggest a reason why a doctor might advise a woman aged 45 that she is not suitable for IVF.

Answer 39

She will not have many eggs in her ovary as she is approaching the menopause. The success rate is only 2%.

Question 40

Why is a woman given FSH for infertility?

Answer 40

to stimulate eggs in the ovary to mature.