Hormonal Regulation of appetite and satiety

Question 1

increased body fat alters what

Answer 1

brain function

Question 2

how many ways can the CNS influence energy balance and body weight

Answer 2

3

Question 3

what are the three ways the CNS influences energy balance and body weight

Answer 3

Behaviour
ANS activity
Neuroendocrine System

Question 4

what part of the brain influences energy balance and body weight

Answer 4

hypothalamus

Question 5

energy balance is controlled by what

Answer 5

feedback loops

Question 6

what do feedback loops maintain in the hypothalamus in obesity

Answer 6

maintain constancy of enregy stores

Question 7

what are the two balance pathways

Answer 7

orexigenic and anorxigenic

Question 8

what responds to appetite and satiety

Answer 8

hypothalamus

Question 9

appetite and satiety, where are the signals detected

Answer 9

hypothalamus

Question 10

signals are produced in response to body _____

Answer 10

nutritional status

Question 11

body weight and food intake are regulated by ____ term processes

Answer 11

long

Question 12

meal initiation, termination, and inter-meal frequency are regulated by ___ term processes

Answer 12

short

Question 13

what are the two types of neuropeptides

Answer 13

orexigenic
anorexigenic

Question 14

when alphaMSH levels are high in the hypothalamus what does this peptide inhibit

Answer 14

food intake

Question 15

what are the two melanocortin receptor subtypes

Answer 15

MC 3
MC 4

Question 16

what does MC 3 do

Answer 16

suppress food intake

Question 17

what does MC 4 do

Answer 17

enhance food uptake

Question 18

deletion of MC 4 or MC 3 receptor produces what in mice

Answer 18

obesity

Question 19

NPY and AGOUTI neuropeptides are are what kinda of peptides

Answer 19

orexigenic

Question 20

what is the most abundant neuropeptide in the brain

Answer 20

NPY - 36 aa peptide

Question 21

what does ARCstand for

Answer 21

arcuate nucleus

Question 22

injection of NPY in the hypothalamus stimulates what

Answer 22

food intake and reduces energy expenditure

Question 23

repeated administartion of NPY leads to what

Answer 23

obesity

Question 24

where is ARC

Answer 24

another area in the hypothalamus

Question 25

AGOUTI is an antagonist to what 2 receptors

Answer 25

MC3 MC4

Question 26

Leptin and Insulin are what kind of neuropeptides

Answer 26

Anorexigenic

Question 27

where is lectin made and secreted from

Answer 27

adipocytes

Question 28

where are high levels of leptin receptors loacted

Answer 28

expressed on ARC hypothalamus neurons

Question 29

what does ICV leptin inhibit

Answer 29

food intake

Question 30

what does ICV leptin decrease in rodents

Answer 30

body weight

Question 31

leptin levels are higher in individuals who have more what

Answer 31

fat

Question 32

where does ARC send a signal from and where to

Answer 32

first order neurons to second order neurons

Question 33

what kind of neuropeptide is ghrelin

Answer 33

orexigenic

Question 34

what kind of neuropeptide are GLP-1 and PYY

Answer 34

anorexigenic

Question 35

spontaneous monogenic mutations in mouse strains result in what

Answer 35

obesity

Question 36

reduced leptin in Ob/Ob mice mimics what

Answer 36

starvation

Question 37

A^y mutation in Agouti leads to what

Answer 37

obesity

Question 38

JAK2-STAT controls what

Answer 38

transcriptional regulation

Question 39

IRS-PI3K controls what

Answer 39

transcriptional regulation and electrical activity of neurons

Question 40

What 3 signalling cascades are activated by Leptin Receptors

Answer 40

Jak2-STAT IRS-PI3K ERK and AMPK

Question 41

why cant you give "fat" people leptin to lose weight

Answer 41

they already have high circulating levels of leptin so will just develop leptin resistence

Question 42

Inhibition of PI3K prevets leptin and insuling signalling where

Answer 42

ARC

Question 43

where are satiety signals released from

Answer 43

GI tract

Question 44

the brain becomes more insensitive t what neuropeptides in obesity

Answer 44

leptin and insulin