Hormone 2

Question 1

which gland is on top of the kidneys?

Answer 1

The Adrenal glands on top of these organs.

Question 2

What are the 2 subdivisions of the Adrenal glands?

Answer 2

The cortex and the medulla are the subdivisions of these glands.

Question 3

Where is the cortex of the Adrenal gland?

Answer 3

The outer layer of the adrenal gland is called this.

Question 4

Where is the medulla of the Adrenal gland?

Answer 4

The inner layer of the adrenal gland is called this.

Question 5

Which system stimulates the medulla of the adrenal gland?

Answer 5

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) stimulates this part.

Question 6

Which hormones does the medulla of the adrenal gland secrete?

Answer 6

Adrenaline and noradrenaline are secreted here.

Question 7

What general response comes from adrenaline noradrenaline?

Answer 7

The fight/flight response is stimulated by these 2 hormones.

Question 8

How does adrenaline increase blood pressure?

Answer 8

Vasoconstriction increases this.

Question 9

What is the rate of adrenaline?

Answer 9

Short and rapid is this.

Question 10

What does adrenaline stimulate?

Answer 10

Glucose production is stimulated by this.

Question 11

Examples of targets for adrenaline are ….

Answer 11

The heart and circulation are examples of this.

Question 12

The actions (7) of adrenaline are …

Answer 12

1. increased HR
2. decrease of blood to the skin and digestive system
3. Increase of muscular-skeletal system
4. increased breathing
5. pupils widen
6. erect hair (look bigger)
7. stimulates glucose into cells.

Question 13

Where is the adrenal cortex?

Answer 13

the outer layer of the adrenal gland.

Question 14

What stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce hormones?

Answer 14

ACTH stimulates this.

Question 15

What does ACTH stand for?

Answer 15

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone is abbreviated as this.

Question 16

What is ACTH produced and excreted from?

Answer 16

The anterior pituitary gland secretes this hormone targeted at the adrenal cortex.

Question 17

What is the comparative rate of hormone secretion from the cortex to the medulla?

Answer 17

The cortex hormone secretion rate is slower than the medulla.

Question 18

Which steroid hormones (3) are controlled by ACTH?

Answer 18

1. Mineral-corticoids
2. Gluco-corticoids
3. Gonad-corticoids

Question 19

Give an example of a mineralocorticoid.

Answer 19

Aldosterone is this type of hormone.

Question 20

What does aldosterone promote?

Answer 20

This hormone promotes:
1. sodium reabsorption
2. potassium excretion

Question 21

Which part of the kidney is targeted by aldosterone?

Answer 21

The renal tubes.

Question 22

Explain the homeostatic regulation which aldosterone is part of.

Answer 22

Negative feedback. Low salt (sodium) levels in plasma, decreased blood volume, hormone-stimulated, stimulation of renal sodium (and water) uptake, correction of disturbance.

Question 23

The sex or gonad hormones are produced by which part of the adrenal gland?

Answer 23

The cortex.

Question 24

Name 3 sex or gonad hormones.

Answer 24

1. oestrogen
2. testosterone
3. androgens

Question 25

Sex hormones do not regulate but effect what?

Answer 25

The reproductive tracts.

Question 26

What effects do androgens have?

Answer 26

pleasure and hair growth are the effects of this hormone.

Question 27

What is the permissive effect?

Answer 27

One hormone enhancing the action of another hormone is this effect.

Question 28

What are the 3 permissive net effects of glucocorticoid hormones?

Answer 28

1. enhancing adrenaline 2. stimulates RBC production 3. reduce inflammation

Question 29

which glucocorticoid is related to regulating the immune response?

Answer 29

Corticosterone (hydrocortisone) is associated with that response.

Question 30

What are the net effects (3) of cortisol?

Answer 30

1. maintain glycogen storage in the liver (ready for use) 2. increase plasma glucose (for cell use) 3. free fatty acids in plasma (for cell use)

Question 31

Why are glucocorticoid hormones referred to as the stress hormones?

Answer 31

Their actions are particularly needed for dealing with stressful situations such as increased physical activity and trauma.

Question 32

What are the actions (5) of cortisol?

Answer 32

1. promote the breakdown of skeletal muscle 2. synthesis of glucose from amino acids 3. mobilize fatty acids from adipose tissue (body fat) 4. production of glycogen from synthesized glucose in the liver. 5. inhibit the uptake of glucose from several tissues.

Question 33

which homeostatic regulation are glucocorticoids for?

Answer 33

Corticotropin from the anterior pituitary gland.