Hormone of GIT Flashcards by harryl martinez

Secreted by P/D1 cells in the gastric fundus

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins

Ghrelin

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Increase gastric acid secretion (H2)

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins

Histamine

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Increase HCL secretion by gastric parietal cells

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins

Gastrin

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Secreted by enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells of stomach and intestines

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins

Histamine

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Stimulus for fasting, starvation and anorexia

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins

Ghrelin

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Secreted by G cells in the gastric antrum and by a few cells in the duodenum

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins

Gastrin

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Stimulus for proteins, peptides, amino acids and high gastric pH (alkalinity)

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins

Gastrin

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Stimulus for increase ECL cells and acetylcholie (parasympathetic)

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins

Histamine

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Increase growth of gastric mucosa

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins

gastrin

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Produces weight gain

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins

Ghrelin

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Increase growth hormone secretion

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins

Ghrelin

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secreted by D cells in the pancreas , aslo found in SI

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins

Somatostatin

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Decreases gastric secretion and motility

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins

SOmatostatin

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Decreases pancreatic secretion

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins

Somatostatin

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The only hormone that signals hunger

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins

Ghrelin

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Consider a true hormone, its functions not only for digestion but also reaches other organs as far as the lungs via the bloodstream

Histamine

At cephalic phase, this hormone release is stimulated by increased parasympathetic activity ( sight , smell and taste of food)

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins

Gastrin

What phase of gastric secretion is when the stimuli of gastric release is indirectly short and long reflexes from chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors

gastric phase
cephalic phase

gastric phase

Match the hormone to secretion

Secretin
Motilin
Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP)
Cholecystokinin-Pancreozymin (CCK-PZ)
Glucagon-like polypeptide (GLP-1)
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP)

 secreted by: I cells found mostly at proximal 2/3 of the SI
 secreted by: K cells at the duodenum and proximal jejunum
 Secreted by: neural cells of ENS, including parasympathetics
 secreted by: S cells which are abundant in the duodenum
 secreted by: endocrine cells in duodenum
 Secreted by: L cells of the distal GIT (ileum and colon)

Secretin
 secreted by: S cells which are abundant in the duodenum

Cholecystokinin-Pancreozymin (CCK-PZ)
 secreted by: I cells found mostly at proximal 2/3 of the SI

Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP)
 secreted by: K cells at the duodenum and proximal jejunum

Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP)
 Secreted by: neural cells of ENS, including parasympathetics

Motilin
 secreted by: endocrine cells in duodenum

Glucagon-like Polypeptide (GLP-1)
 Secreted by: L cells of the distal GIT (ileum and colon)

Match the Hormone to Stimulus

Secretin
Motilin
Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP)
Cholecystokinin-Pancreozymin (CCK-PZ)
Glucagon-like polypeptide (GLP-1)
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP)

 stimulus: decreased pH in upper small intestines
presence of amino acids
protein products of digestion
 stimulus: fat and protein digestion products
 stimulus: food, fat and glucose in duodenum
 stimulus: periodic and recurrent pattern synchronized with MMC (it is not stimulated by eating)

Secretin
 stimulus: decreased pH in upper small intestines
presence of amino acids
protein products of digestion

Cholecystokinin-Pancreozymin (CCK-PZ)
 stimulus: fat and protein digestion products

Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP)
 stimulus: food, fat and glucose in duodenum

Motilin
 stimulus: periodic and recurrent pattern synchronized with MMC (it is not stimulated by eating)

Match the Hormone to Effect

Secretin
Motilin
Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP)
Cholecystokinin-Pancreozymin (CCK-PZ)
Glucagon-like polypeptide (GLP-1)
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP)

 effects: regulate phase III contractions
propulsive effect on smooth muscle of the gut
 Effects: decreases gastric emptying
 effects: decreased gastric emptying
increases gallbladder contraction
increases pancreatic enzymes and HCO3-
increases enterokinase secretion
 Effects: increases intestinal fluid and electrolyte secretion
increases smooth muscle relaxation
decreases gastric acid secretion
dilation of peripheral blood vessels
 effects: increases pancreatic and biliary bicarbonate secretion
decreases gastric emptying
decreases gastric acid secretion
decrease gastrin secretion
 effects: increases insulin secretion
increases triglyceride storage
decreases gastric motility (high doses)

Secretin
 effects: increases pancreatic and biliary bicarbonate secretion
decreases gastric emptying
decreases gastric acid secretion
decrease gastrin secretion
Cholecystokinin-Pancreozymin (CCK-PZ)
 effects: decreased gastric emptying
increases gallbladder contraction
increases pancreatic enzymes and HCO3-
increases enterokinase secretion
Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP)
 effects: increases insulin secretion
increases triglyceride storage
decreases gastric motility (high doses)

Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP)
 Effects: increases intestinal fluid and electrolyte secretion
increases smooth muscle relaxation
decreases gastric acid secretion
dilation of peripheral blood vessels

Motilin
 effects: regulate phase III contractions
propulsive effect on smooth muscle of the gut

Glucagon-like Polypeptide (GLP-1)
 Effects: decreases gastric emptying

Match Pancreatic Peptide family to its function and location

NPY
PP
PYY

 Stimulates food intake
 Inhibits pancreatic exocrine secretion, gallbladder contraction and gut motility
 Inhibits vagally-stimulated gastric acid and other motor and secretory functions

 From PP cells in pancreas
 From enteroendocrine cells > in ileum and colon
 Neurotransmitter in ENS

PP
 From PP cells in pancreas
 Inhibits pancreatic exocrine secretion, gallbladder contraction and gut motility
NPY
 Neurotransmitter in ENS
 Stimulates food intake
PYY
 From enteroendocrine cells > in ileum and colon
 Inhibits vagally-stimulated gastric acid and other motor and secretory functions

Stimulus: products of digestion and bile

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins

somatostatin

All are found in the Stomach except for what, which is found where?

Gastrin
Histamine
Ghrelin
Somastatin
Leptins

Somatostatin - pancreas

Match Hormone and Organs Stomach Small Intestines Pancreas ``` CCK-PZ Gastrin GLP-1 GIP Ghrelin Histamine Leptins Motilin Secretin Somastatin VIP ```

Stomach Gastrin Histamine Ghrelin Pancreas Somastatin Other Hormone of the Intestines Leptins ``` Small Intestines Secretin Motilin Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) Cholecystokinin-Pancreozymin (CCK-PZ) Glucagon-like polypeptide (GLP-1) Glucose-dependent insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) ```

Usually secreted by adipocytes when they're full ``` Gastrin Histamine Ghrelin Somastatin Leptins ```

leptin

Match Hormone and Function: some choices are repeated ``` Guanylin Leptin Tachykinin Serotonin Substance P Uroguanylin ``` - increase fluid secretion - reduces food intake - modulates intestinal motility, sensation and secretion - mediate neuropathic inflammation

Substance P & Tachykinin - Substance P is a neurotransmitter; - Mediate neuropathic inflammation Serotonin - Modulates intestinal motility, sensation, and secretion Guanylin & Uroguanylin - Increase fluid secretion Leptin - Reduces food intake

Match Hormone and Source ``` Gastrin CCK Secretin GIP Somatostatin VIP Motilin ``` ``` gallbladder Small intestines stomach (antrum) pancreatic islets GI mucosa duodenum jejunum parasympathetic ganglia in sphincters, ```

Gastrin - G cells: stomach (antrum) CCK - I cells : duodenum, jejunum Secretin - S cells: duodenum GIP - K cells: duodenum, jejunum Somatostatin - D cells: pancreatic islets, GI mucosa VIP - parasympathetic ganglia in sphincters, gallbladder and SI Motilin - Small intestines

Match Hormone/Source with ACTION - Gastrin - G cells: stomach (antrum) - CCK - I cells : duodenum, jejunum - Secretin - S cells: duodenum - GIP - K cells: duodenum, jejunum - Somatostatin - D cells: pancreatic islets, GI mucosa - Nitric oxide - Motilin Small intestine ``` (++) stomach motility and acid (++) growth of gastric mucosa (++) pancreatic enzymes (++) contraction of gallbladder (--) stomach motility (++) HCO3 (--) stomach acid and bile secretion (++) insulin (--) stomach acid (--) stomach acid, pancreatic enzymes and HCO3 (--) pepsinogen, insulin, glucagon (--) stomach and intestinal motility Relaxes LES (++) intestinal motility and fluid secretion (++) intestinal motility (++) MMCs ```

Gastrin G cells: stomach (antrum) (++) stomach motility and acid (++) growth of gastric mucosa CCK - I cells: duodenum, jejunum (++) pancreatic enzymes (++) contraction of gallbladder (--) stomach motility Secretin - S cells: duodenum (++) HCO3 (--) stomach acid and bile secretion GIP - K cells: duodenum, jejunum (++) insulin (--) stomach acid Somatostatin D cells: pancreatic islets, GI mucosa (--) stomach acid, pancreatic enzymes and HCO3 (--) pepsinogen, insulin, glucagon Nitric oxide (--) stomach and intestinal motility Relaxes LES VIP Parasympathetic ganglia in sphincters, gallbladder and SI (++) intestinal motility and fluid secretion Motilin Small intestine (++) intestinal motility (++) MMCs

Match Hormone and Cell and Source ``` Gastrin CCK Secretin GIP Somatostatin ``` ``` D cells G cells I cells K cells S cells ```

``` Gastrin - G cells: CCK - I cells Secretin - S cells GIP - K cells: Somatostatin - D cells ```

Match cell and organs, can use multiple per cell rgans ``` G cells D cells I cells S cells K cells ``` ``` stomach (antrum) pancreatic islets GI mucosa duodenum jejunum ```

``` Gastrin - G cells: stomach (antrum) CCK - I cells : duodenum, jejunum Secretin - S cells: duodenum GIP - K cells: duodenum, jejunum Somatostatin - D cells: pancreatic islets, GI mucosa ```

Match Hormone/Source with Response - Gastrin - G cells: stomach (antrum) - CCK - I cells : duodenum, jejunum - Secretin - S cells: duodenum - GIP - K cells: duodenum, jejunum - Somatostatin - D cells: pancreatic islets, GI mucosa - Motilin Small intestine ``` (++) stomach distension, amino acids (AA), vagal stimulation (--) acidity (++) Fatty acids (FA), AA (++) acidity, FA (++) glucose, FA, AA (++) acidity (--) vagal stimulation (++) stomach distension, vagal stimulation (++) fasting ```

Gastrin G cells: stomach (antrum) (++) stomach distension, amino acids (AA), vagal stimulation (--) acidity CCK - I cells: duodenum, jejunum (++) Fatty acids (FA), AA Secretin - S cells: duodenum (++) acidity, FA GIP - K cells: duodenum, jejunum (++) glucose, FA, AA Somatostatin D cells: pancreatic islets, GI mucosa (++) acidity (--) vagal stimulation VIP Parasympathetic ganglia in sphincters, gallbladder and SI (++) stomach distension, vagal stimulation Motilin Small intestine (++) fasting