Hormones

Question 1

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (APG)

Answer 1

Target-Thyroid Gland
Function-Stimulates release of thyroxin from the Thyroid.

Question 2

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (APG)

Answer 2

Target- Adrenal Cortex(outer layer)
Function-Stimulates release of long term stress hormones(Cortisol & Aldosterone)

Question 3

Human Growth Hormone (APG)

Answer 3

Target- somatic cells
Function- Promotes growth of the body & promotes daily repair of the body

Question 4

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (APG)

Answer 4

Target-Ovaries & testes
Function- in females, stimulates development of an egg in the ovary
In males, stimulates development of sperm in testes

Question 5

Lutenizing Hormone (APG)

Answer 5

Target-Ovaries & Testes
Function- In females, stimulates ovulation & production of estrogen
In males, stimulates production of testosterone

Question 6

Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (APG)

Answer 6

Target- Melanocyte (Melanin=pigment)
Function-Stimulates pigment production by melanocytes of skin, hair & iris

Question 7

Prolactin (APG)

Answer 7

Target- Mammary glands
Function- Stimulates & maintains milks production in mammals

Question 8

Oxytocin (PPG)

Answer 8

Target- Uterus, Mammary Glands
Functions- Initiates uterine contractions
Stimulates milk release in mammals

Question 9

Antidiuretic Hormone (PPG)

Answer 9

Target- Kidney tubules
Function- prevents water loss thru kidneys
Promotes reabsorption of water back into blood

Question 10

Insulin (Pancreas)

Answer 10

Target- Body cells, Liver, Muscle
Function- Body cells absorb glucose and store as fat (LT)
Liver & Muscle absorb glucose and store as glycogen (ST)

Question 11

Glucagon (pancreas)

Answer 11

Target- Liver & muscle
Function- Liver & muscle convert glycogen back into glucose
Raises blood glucose levels

Question 12

Melatonin (Pineal)

Answer 12

Target-Thalamus
Function- Makes you drowsy
Cortisol wakes you up; Melatonin helps you fall asleep

Question 13

Thyroid Releasing Hormone (Hypothalamus)

Answer 13

Targets- APG
Function- stimulates APG to release Thyroid stimulating hormone

Question 14

Thyroxin (Thyroid)

Answer 14

Target- somatic cells
Function- burns fuel, creates heat, produce ATP, converts food into tissue

Question 15

Calcitonin (Thyroid)

Answer 15

Target- Bones teeth muscles
Function- absorbs & store calcium from blood
Strong bones & teeth, muscle work

Question 16

ParaThyroid Hormone (Parathyroid)

Answer 16

Target- Bones & Teeth
Function- Bones & Teeth release calcium back into the blood

Question 17

Cortisol (Adrenal Cortex)

Answer 17

Target- Somatic Cells
Function- Suppresses inflammation, stimulates break down of fats & protein at site of injury.
Releases glucose to provide stressed body needed energy
Wake up hormone

Question 18

Aldosterone (Adrenal Cortex)

Answer 18

Target- Kidney tubules
Function- Causes retention of sodium at kidneys back into the blood
Water is then retained
This stress hormone increases blood pressure

Question 19

Adrenalin (Adrenal Medulla)

Answer 19

Target- Somatic cells
Function- Increases sympathetic response (fight or flight)
Increases HR,BR, converts glycogen into glucose, etc

Question 20

Noradrenaline (Adrenal Medulla)

Answer 20

Target- Somatic cells
Function- Increases BP by restricting arteries
Focus/attention & memory increases
Your game-face hormone

Question 21

Testosterone (Testes)

Answer 21

Target- Body cells
Function- Responsible for male secondary sexual characteristics

Question 22

Inhibin (Testes)

Answer 22

Target- hypothalamus
Function- controls Sperm production in males
Slows the release of FSH from the APG

Question 23

Estrogen (Ovaries)

Answer 23

Target- Somatic cells
Function- Responsible for female secondary characteristics

Question 24

Progesterone (Ovaries)

Answer 24

Target- Uterine Lining
Function- Responsible for maintaining pregnancy
Maintains uterine lining necessary to support a developing fetus

Question 25

Relaxin (Ovaries)

Answer 25

Target- Abdomen & birth canal Function- active during pregnancy & labour Opens birth canal; allowing the abdomen to stretch/grow with the baby.

Question 26

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (Hypothalamus chemoreceptors)

Answer 26

Target- Pituitary Gland Function- Tells pituitary gland to release androgen

Question 27

Diabetes insipidus

Answer 27

A ton of water loss= water retention issue—-> hypothalamus or antidiuretic hormone problems

Question 28

Diabetes

Answer 28

Type 1- insulin dependent diabetes, needs daily injections of insulin Type 2- non insulin dependant, they produce some insulin but not enough to use and store glucose satisfactory.

Question 29

Steroid hormones

Answer 29

Fast acting Free entry through membrane Direct target

Question 30

Protein hormones

Answer 30

Less direct & slower acting Receptor mediated control

Question 31

Non-Target hormones

Answer 31

Targets many different cell types in the body

Question 32

Target hormones

Answer 32

Targets specific cell body types

Question 33

Pheromones

Answer 33

Used to attract mates, mark territory or act as an alarm substance

Question 34

Local Regulators

Answer 34

Neurotransmitters & Histamines (cause swelling)

Question 35

Positive feedback loop

Answer 35

Continuous loop—> snowball effect Bad for homeostasis Examples- growth spurts

Question 36

Negative Feedback

Answer 36

Terminating Loop —> regulates itself Good for homeostasis Normal for homeostatic balance in the body

Question 37

Endocrine vs exocrine

Answer 37

Endo- tubeless, hormones enter blood stream Exo- Tubed, products enter a duct or tube