Hormones

Question 1

Melatonin

Answer 1

Produced in penealocytes (pineal gland)
Biological rhythms

Question 2

GRH

Answer 2

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
Hypothalamus
Regulates gonadotropins in anterior pituitary (LH, FSH)

Question 3

CRH

Answer 3

Corticotropin Releasing Hormone
Hypothalamus
Regulates Adrenocorticotropic hormone in anterior pituitary

Question 4

TRH

Answer 4

Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone
Hypothalamus
Regulates Thyroid Stimulating Hormone in Anterior Pituitary

Question 5

GHRH

Answer 5

Somatocrinin or Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone
Hypothalamus
Regulates Growth Hormone in Anterior Pituitary

Question 6

GHIH

Answer 6

Somatostatin or Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone
Hypothalamus
Regulates Growth Hormone in Anterior Pituitary

Question 7

PIH

Answer 7

Dopamine (Da) or Prolactin Inhibitory Hormone
Hypothalamus
Regulates Prolactin in Anterior Pituitary

Question 8

Hypocretin/Orexin

Answer 8

Inhibits various hormones
Hypothalamus
Sleep and metabolism

Question 9

Kisspeptin

Answer 9

Puberty
Hypothalamus
Acts on GnRH neurons

Question 10

OT

Answer 10

Oxytocin
Through Posterior Pituitary (Cell bodies in Hypothalamus)
Contractions, Milk let-down
Also released in brain (social, reproductive, parental behaviors etc)

Question 11

AVP/ADH

Answer 11

Vasopressin
Through Posterior Pituitary (Cell bodies in Hypothalamus)
Targets kidneys
Water retention
Blood pressure
In the brain, regulates social and other behaviors

Question 12

LH/FSH

Answer 12

Luteinizing Hormone + Follicle Stimulating Hormone (gonadotropins)
Anterior Pituitary
Respond to GnRH
Stimulate hormone production + gamete development in gonads

Question 13

TSH

Answer 13

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Anterior Pituitary
Responds to TRH and stimulates thyroid hormones

Question 14

Prl

Answer 14

Prolactin
Anterior pituitary
Responds to TRH and PIH, promotes lactation

Question 15

GH

Answer 15

Growth Hormone
Anterior Pituitary
Responds to GHRH and GHIH, stimulates growth
Too much: acromegaly

Question 16

ACTH

Answer 16

Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Anterior Pituitary
Responds to CRH and stimulate glucocorticoids in adrenal cortex

Question 17

T3/T4

Answer 17

Triiodothyronine and Thyroxine (Thyroid hormones)
Affect growth, reproduction, and metabolism
Disorders: Goiter, Cretinism, Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism

Question 18

PTH

Answer 18

Parathyroid hormone
Calcium regulation

Question 19

Glucocorticoids

Answer 19

Adrenal cortex
Responds to ACTH
Stress response
E.g. Cortisol

Question 20

Mineralocorticoids

Answer 20

Adrenal cortex
Fluid balance and blood pressure
E.g. Aldosterone

Question 21

Sex hormones

Answer 21

Adrenal cortex
E.g. Testosterone
Disorder: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Question 22

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

Answer 22

Adrenal Medulla
Stress

Question 23

Androgens

Answer 23

Gonads
Stimulated by LH + FSH
E.g. Testosterone (T), androtenedione, dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
Sperm production/maturation
Secondary sex characteristics and accessory sex organs
Sexual, aggressive, and other social behaviors

Question 24

Estrogens

Answer 24

Gonads
Stimulated by LH + FSH before ovulation
E.g. Estradiol (E2), Estrone (E1, menopause), Estriol (E3, pregnancy), Estetrol (E4)
Secondary sex characteristics
Water retention, water/calcium metabolism
Sexual, maternal behavior

Question 25

Progestins

Answer 25

Gonads Stimulated by LH + FSH after ovulation E.g. Progesterone, prenenolone Maintaining pregnancy Reproductive and other behavior

Question 26

Insulin

Answer 26

Beta cells of Pancreas Lowers blood sugar (promotes liver to store glycogen)

Question 27

Glucagon

Answer 27

Alpha cells in Pancreas Raises blood sugar (stimulates glycogen breakdown in liver)

Question 28

Somatostatin

Answer 28

Delta cells of Pancreas Regulate insulin and glucagon-producing cells

Question 29

CCK

Answer 29

Cholecystokinin Small intestine Satiety

Question 30

Ghrelin

Answer 30

Stomach Stimulates food intake

Question 31

Leptin

Answer 31

Adipose tissue Satiety