Hormones Flashcards
When do human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG) levels peak and then decrease?
Peak: 60-90 days
Decrease: 10-12 weeks
What are some examples of abnormal levels in human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)?
Elevated in multiple and molar pregnancies.
Low in ectopic pregnancies and abnormal placental implantation.
What are some actions of Estrogen in pregnancy?
Helps prepare breasts for lactation, increases blood flow to the uterus, stimulates growth of the uterine muscle mass, enhances myometrial activity, and is involved in the onset of labor.
What organ produces Progesterone?
Placenta
What is one of the functions of progesterone in pregnancy?
This allows for the venous walls to accommodate the increase in blood volume.
What organ is relaxin secreted by?
Placenta
What is the function of relaxin in pregancy?
inhibits uterine activity
What is the function of prostaglandins in pregnancy?
These mediate the onset of labor, myometrial contractility, and cervical ripening.
What organ produces oxytocin?
The hypothalamus
What organ releases prolactin?
the Anterior Pituitary gland
What is the function of prolactin in pregnancy?
This is responsible for the increase in and maturation of the ducts and alveoli in the breasts and for the initiation of lactation after birth.
What organs release oxytocin?
posterior pituitary gland, the myometrium, placenta, and fetal membranes
What hormone increases ventilation in pregnancy?
Progesterone
What hormone causes tone decrease in lower esophageal sphincter?
Progesterone
What hormone causes the gallbladder to be hypotonic and distended?
Progesterone
