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From Flashcardlet > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

0
Q

hormone

A

a chemical released in the blood by a gland. chemical messenger. Lipids and proteins

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1
Q

Endocrine Gland/ tissue

A

structure that synthesizes hormones. very vascular

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2
Q

receptor

A

a protein that binds to a hormone specifically with high affinity

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3
Q

paracrine

A

signal that affects neighboring cells. the target cell must be competent

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4
Q

autocrine

A

a signal that affects the cell releasing it.

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5
Q

function of the endocrine system in fetal development

A

differentiation and development of reproductive system and CNS

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6
Q

function of the endocrine system in fetal childhood

A

stimulates sequential growth and development. plays a major role in puberty

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7
Q

function of the endocrine system in fetal reproduction

A

coordination

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8
Q

function of the endocrine system in physiological stresses (description and examples)

A

initiation/ adaptation. plays a role in anything that activates the hypothalamus, pituitary, or target glands.
Ex: infection, trauma, surgery, altitude

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9
Q

function of the endocrine system in homeostasis

A

helps to regulate environment in the body. very important

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10
Q

timescale of biological responses to hormones

A

varies. Seconds-Ions. Minutes- metabolic pathway. Hours- transcription/ translation. Days- Full Genomic effect

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11
Q

genomic response

A

stimulation of transcription and translation. turns on synthesis of proteins

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12
Q

nongenomic response

A

does not include transcription/ translation. doesn’t take very long. Involves a change in ions/ metabolic pathway

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13
Q

Name the 3 classes of hormones

A

hormones synthesized from amino acids, peptide/protein hormones. steroid hormones.

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14
Q

Hormones synthesized from amino acids (give the 2 types and examples of each)

A

tryrosine and trypophan.
Tyrosines: dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, thyroid hormone.

Trypophan: serotonin

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15
Q

Peptide/ protein hormones (synthesis and action)

A

Synthesis: preprohornome, prohormone, stored in vesicle, secretion.

Mechanisms of action:
variety of transduction mechanisms.

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16
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

starts synthesis

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17
Q

golgi apparatus

A

modifies proteins and sends them to their destination

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18
Q

steroid hormones

A

common precursor synthesized from cholesterol.

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19
Q

functions of cholesterol

A

steriod hormone.
cell membrane particle.
membrane function.

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20
Q

name 3 gonadal hormones

A

androgens, estrogens, progestins.

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21
Q

androgens (description and location it is stored)

A

gonadal hormones found in males and females, though more in the male.
Storage: adrenal cortex

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22
Q

estrogens (description)

A

gonadal hormones found in males and females, though more in females

23
Q

adrenal cortex (description, and 3 hormones secreted)

A 
area that secretes steroid hormones. 
3 secreted are: 
mineralocorticoids, 
glucocorticocoids, 
androgens
24
Q

name the 3 corticoids

A

mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens

25
Q

mineralcorticoids (what are they and where do they come from)

A

alderosterone from the zona golmerulosa

26
Q

glucocorticoids (what are they and where do they come from)

A

cortisol from the zona fasculata and reticularis

27
Q

androgens (where do they come from)

A

from the zona fasculata and reticularis

28
Q

placental hormones

A

hormones produced during pregnancy

29
Q

vitamin d3

A

really a hormone, not a vitamin.

needed for calcium absorption

30
Q

name the steroid hormones

A

gonadal hormones, corticoids, placental hormones, vitamin d

31
Q

mechanism of action of steroid hormones

A
  1. steroid hormone binds to intracellular receptors in the cytosol or nucleus.
  2. active hormone-receptor complex binds to DNA sequences called SREs
32
Q

stimuli for secretion of a hormone

A

ions,
nutrients,
neurotransmitters,
other hormones

33
Q

fate of a secreted hormone

A

target cell response,
metabolized in active form,
metabolized in inactive form,
excreted

34
Q

hormone transport in the blood

A

“free” or

bound to a carrier protein

35
Q

tropic hormones

A

stimulate secretion of a target gland hormone.

Ex: anterior pituitary hormones have both tropic and trophic effects on target cells

36
Q

permissive effects

A

presence of one hormone stimulates the action of other hormones.
ex: cortisol having an effect on other hormones

37
Q

how does the hypothalamus control secretion of the anterior pituitary hormones?

A

hypothalamic hormones are secreted into the hypothalamo-pituitary portal vessels.

38
Q

list the hypothalmic hormones

A
  1. corticotropin releasing hormone.
  2. gonadotropin releasing hormone.
  3. growth hormone releasing hormone.
  4. somatostatin.
  5. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone.
  6. dopamine.
39
Q

action of corticotropin releasing hormine

A

stimulate secretion of ACTH

40
Q

action of gonadotropin releasing hormone

A

stimulate secretion of FSH/LH

41
Q

action of growth hormone releasing hormone

A

stimulates secretion of growth hormone.

42
Q

action of somatostatin

A

inhibits secretion of growth hormone.

43
Q

action of thyrotropin-releasing hormone

A

stimulates secretion of TSH

44
Q

action of dopamine

A

inhibits secretion of prolactin

45
Q

hypothalamic connection with the posterior pituitary

A

hypothalamic neurons synthesize vasoprssion and oxytocin which are transported via axons to the posterior pituitary

46
Q

2 hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary

A

ADH (vasopressin), and Oxytocin

47
Q

ADH(vasopressin) function

A

major target cells: renal tube where ADH stimulates insertion of water channels into renal tubule cells.
Stimulates vasoconstriction

48
Q

oxytocin function

A

major target cells: breast for milk ejection.

Uterine contractions

49
Q

hormones synthesized in the anterior pituitary

A 
FSH/ LH, 
growth hormone, 
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), 
prolactin, 
ACth
50
Q

FSH/ LH function

A

stimulates gonads. Female produces estradiol and progesterone, male produces testosterone

51
Q

growth hormone function

A

stimulates liver and body cells IGF-1

52
Q

thyroid stimulating hormone function

A

stimulates thyroid gland

53
Q

prolactin function

A

stimulates breast to produce milk

54
Q

acth function

A

stimulates adrenal cortex which secretes glucocorticoids

55
Q

describe hypothalamic pituitary target gland feedback (long loop)

A

hypothalamus secretes a hormone, which stimulates the anterior pituitary to target a gland. The target gland releases a hormone which has negative feedback on the anterior pituitary and the hypothalamus.

56
Q

describe hypothalamic pituitary target gland feedback (short loop)

A

the hypothalamus releases a hormone that targets the anterior pituitary. the anterior pituitary then positively feeds back to the hypothalamus

From Flashcardlet (10 decks)

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